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The nurse is preparing a pamphlet for parents of adolescents about guidance during the adolescent years. What suggestion should the nurse include in the pamphlet?
- A. Provide criticism when mistakes are made or when views are different.
- B. Use comparisons with older siblings or extended family to promote good outcomes.
- C. Begin to disengage from school functions to allow the adolescent to gain independence.
- D. Provide clear, reasonable limits and define consequences when rules are broken.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An anticipatory guideline to include when teaching parents of adolescents is to provide clear, reasonable limits and have clear consequences when rules are broken. Parents should avoid criticism when mistakes are made and should allow opportunities for the teen to voice different views and opinions. Parents should try to avoid comparing the teen with a sibling or extended family member. Parents should try to be more engaged in the teens school functions to show support and unconditional love.
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The nurse is assessing the Tanner stage in an adolescent male. The nurse recognizes that the stages are based on what?
- A. Hair growth on the face and chest
- B. Changes in the voice to a deeper timbre
- C. Muscle growth in the arms, legs, and shoulders
- D. Size and shape of the penis and scrotum and distribution of pubic hair
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In males, the Tanner stages describe pubertal development based on the size and shape of the penis and scrotum and the shape and distribution of pubic hair. During puberty, hair begins to grow on the face and chest; the voice becomes deeper; and muscles grow in the arms, legs, and shoulders, but these are not used for the Tanner stages.
What are characteristics of middle adolescence (1517 years) with regard to relationships with peers? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Behavioral standards set by peer group
- B. Acceptance of peers extremely important
- C. Seeks peer affiliations to counter instability
- D. Exploration of ability to attract opposite sex
- E. Peer group recedes in importance in favor of individual friendship
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Characteristics of middle adolescence relationships with peers include behavioral standards set by the peer group, acceptance of peers is extremely important, and exploration of the ability to attract opposite sex. Seeking peer affiliations to counter instability is a characteristic of early adolescence relationships with peers. Peer groups receding in importance in favor of individual friendships is characteristic of late adolescence relationships with peers.
How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys?
- A. In girls, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in boys.
- B. In girls, it occurs about 3 years before it appears in boys.
- C. In boys, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in girls.
- D. It is about the same in both boys and girls.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The average age of onset is 9 1/2 years for girls and 10 1/2 years for boys. Although pubertal growth spurts may occur in girls 3 years before it appears in boys on an individual basis, the average difference is 1 year. Usually girls begin their pubertal growth spurt earlier than boys.
A 12-year-old girl asks the nurse about an increase in clear white odorless vaginal discharge. What response should the nurse give?
- A. This may mean a yeast infection.
- B. This is normal before menstruation starts.
- C. This is caused by an increase in progesterone.
- D. This is possibly a sign of a sexually transmitted infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early in puberty, there is often an increase in normal vaginal discharge (physiologic leukorrhea) associated with uterine development. Girls or their parents may be concerned that this vaginal discharge is a sign of infection. The nurse can reassure them that the discharge is normal and a sign that the uterus is preparing for menstruation. It is caused by an increase in estrogen, not progesterone.
Adolescents often do not use reasoned decision making when issues such as substance abuse and sexual behavior are involved. What is this because of?
- A. They tend to be immature.
- B. They do not need to use reasoned decision making.
- C. They lack cognitive skills to use reasoned decision making.
- D. They are dealing with issues that are stressful and emotionally laden.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the face of time pressures, personal stress, or overwhelming peer pressure, young people are more likely to abandon rational thought processes. Many of the health-related decisions adolescents confront are emotionally laden or new. Under such conditions, many people do not use their capacity for formal decision making. The majority of adolescents have cognitive skills and are capable of reasoned decision making. Stress affects their ability to process information. Reasoned decision making should be used in issues that are crucial such as substance abuse and sexual behavior.