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According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Conventional thought
- C. Postconventional thought
- D. Formal operational thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive thinking culminates in the capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of formal operations, is Piagets fourth and last stage. Concrete operations usually occur between ages 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refers to Kohlbergs stages of moral development.
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What are characteristics of early adolescence (1114 years) with regard to identity? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Mature sexual identity
- B. Increase in self-esteem
- C. Trying out of various roles
- D. Conformity to group norms
- E. Preoccupied with rapid body changes
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Characteristics of early adolescence identity include trying out of various roles, conformity to group norms, and preoccupation with rapid body changes. Mature sexual identity and increase in self-esteem are characteristics of late adolescent identity.
The school nurse recognizes that students who are targeted for repeated harassment and bullying may exhibit what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Skip school
- B. Attempt suicide
- C. Bring weapons to school
- D. Attend extracurricular activities
- E. Report symptoms of depression
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Students targeted for repeated teasing and harassment are more likely to skip school, to report symptoms of depression, and to attempt suicide. Equally troubling, teens who are regularly harassed or bullied are also more likely to bring weapons to school to feel safe. Students who are bullied do not want to attend extracurricular activities.
The nurse is assessing the Tanner stage in an adolescent female. The nurse recognizes that the stages are based on which?
- A. The stages of vaginal changes
- B. The progression of menstrual cycles to regularity
- C. Breast size and the shape and distribution of pubic hair
- D. The development of fat deposits around the hips and buttocks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In females, the Tanner stages describe pubertal development based on breast size and the shape and distribution of pubic hair. The stages of vaginal changes, progression of menstrual cycles to regularity, and the development of fat deposits occur during puberty but are not used for the Tanner stages.
What are characteristics of late adolescence (1820 years) with regard to sexuality? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Exploration of self-appeal
- B. Limited dating, usually group
- C. Intimacy involves commitment
- D. Growing capacity for mutuality and reciprocity
- E. May publicly identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Characteristics of late adolescence sexuality include intimacy involving commitment; growing capacity for mutuality and reciprocity; and publicly identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Exploration of self-appeal is a characteristic of middle adolescence sexuality. Limited dating, usually group, is a characteristic of early adolescence sexuality.
In boys, what is the initial indication of puberty?
- A. Voice changes
- B. Growth of pubic hair
- C. Testicular enlargement
- D. Increased size of penis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Testicular enlargement is the first change that signals puberty in boys; it usually occurs between the ages of 9 1/2 and 14 years during Tanner stage 2. Voice change occurs between Tanner stages 3 and 4. Fine pubic hair may occur at the base of the penis; darker hair occurs during Tanner stage 3. The penis enlarges during Tanner stage 3.