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What is true concerning masturbation during adolescence?
- A. Homosexuality is encouraged by the practice of masturbation.
- B. Many girls do not begin masturbation until after they have intercourse.
- C. Masturbation at an early age leads to sexual intercourse at an earlier age.
- D. Development of intimate relationships is delayed when masturbation is regularly practiced.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The age of first masturbation for girls is variable. Some begin masturbating in early adolescence; many do not begin until after they have had intercourse. Boys typically begin masturbation in early adolescence. Masturbation provides an opportunity for self-exploration. Both heterosexual and homosexual youth use masturbation. It does not affect the development of intimacy.
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The school nurse recognizes that adolescents should get how many hours of sleep each night?
- A. 6 hours
- B. 7 hours
- C. 8 hours
- D. 9 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescents should generally get around 9 hours of sleep each night.
In girls, what is the initial indication of puberty?
- A. Menarche
- B. Growth spurt
- C. Breast development
- D. Growth of pubic hair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In most girls, the initial indication of puberty is the appearance of breast buds, an event known as thelarche. The usual sequence of secondary sexual characteristic development in girls is breast changes, a rapid increase in height and weight, growth of pubic hair, appearance of axillary hair, menstruation (menarche), and abrupt deceleration of linear growth.
The school nurse is teaching an adolescent about social networking and texting on phones. What statement by the adolescent indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. Social networking can help me develop interpersonal skills.
- B. I will have an opportunity to interact with people like myself.
- C. My text messaging during class time in school will not cause any disruption.
- D. I should be cautious, as the online environment can create opportunities for cyberbullying.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internet chatrooms and social networking sites have created a more public arena for trying out identities and developing interpersonal skills with a wider network of people, occasionally with anonymity. This can create opportunities for young people who have a limited access to friends (because of rural location, shyness, or rare chronic conditions) to interact with people like themselves. Both the online and text environment can create opportunities for cyberbullying, in which teens engage in insults, harassment, and publicly humiliating statements online or on cell phones. Text messaging and instant messaging via cell phones has become a common activity and can sometimes be disruptive during school. If the adolescent indicates it will not be disruptive, further teaching is needed.
According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Conventional thought
- C. Postconventional thought
- D. Formal operational thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive thinking culminates in the capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of formal operations, is Piagets fourth and last stage. Concrete operations usually occur between ages 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refers to Kohlbergs stages of moral development.
How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys?
- A. In girls, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in boys.
- B. In girls, it occurs about 3 years before it appears in boys.
- C. In boys, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in girls.
- D. It is about the same in both boys and girls.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The average age of onset is 9 1/2 years for girls and 10 1/2 years for boys. Although pubertal growth spurts may occur in girls 3 years before it appears in boys on an individual basis, the average difference is 1 year. Usually girls begin their pubertal growth spurt earlier than boys.