Nokea
According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing what?
- A. Identity
- B. Intimacy
- C. Initiative
- D. Independence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Traditional psychosocial theory holds that the developmental crises of adolescence lead to the formation of a sense of identity. Intimacy is the developmental stage for early adulthood. Independence is not one of Eriksons developmental stages.
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The school nurse recognizes that adolescents should get how many hours of sleep each night?
- A. 6 hours
- B. 7 hours
- C. 8 hours
- D. 9 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescents should generally get around 9 hours of sleep each night.
The nurse is caring for children on an adolescent-only unit. What growth and development milestones should the nurse expect from 11- and 14-year-old adolescents? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Self-centered with increased narcissism
- B. No major conflicts with parents
- C. Established abstract thought process
- D. Have a rich, idealistic fantasy life
- E. Highly value conformity to group norms
- F. Secondary sexual characteristics appear
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Growth and development milestones in the 11- to 14-year-old age group include minimal conflicts with parents (compared with the 15- to 17-year-old age group), a high value placed on conformity to the norm, and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. Selfcenteredness and narcissism are seen in the 15- to 17-year-old age group along with a rich and idealistic fantasy life. Abstract thought processes are not well established until the 18- to 20-year-old age group.
The school nurse is teaching a class on injury prevention. What should be included when discussing firearms?
- A. Adolescents are too young to use guns properly for hunting.
- B. Gun carrying among adolescents is on the rise, primarily among inner-city youth.
- C. Nonpowder guns (air rifles, BB guns) are a relatively safe alternative to powder guns.
- D. Adolescence is the peak age for being a victim or offender in the case of injury involving a firearm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The increase in gun availability in the general population is linked to increased gun deaths among children, especially adolescents. Gun carrying among adolescents is on the rise and not limited to the stereotypic inner-city youth. Adolescents can be taught to safely use guns for hunting, but they must be stored properly and used only with supervision. Nonpowder guns (air rifles, BB guns) cause almost as many injuries as powder guns.
What is true concerning the development of autonomy during adolescence?
- A. Development of autonomy typically involves rebellion.
- B. Development of autonomy typically involves parentchild conflicts.
- C. Parent and peer influences are opposing forces in the development of autonomy.
- D. Conformity to both parents and peers gradually declines toward the end of adolescence.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During middle and late adolescence, the conformity to parents and peers declines. Subjective feelings of self-reliance increase steadily over the adolescent years. Adolescents have genuine behavioral autonomy. Rebellion is not typically part of adolescence. It can occur in response to excessively controlling circumstances or to growing up in the absence of clear standards. Parent and peer relationships can play complementary roles in the development of a healthy degree of individual independence.
A 12-year-old girl asks the nurse about an increase in clear white odorless vaginal discharge. What response should the nurse give?
- A. This may mean a yeast infection.
- B. This is normal before menstruation starts.
- C. This is caused by an increase in progesterone.
- D. This is possibly a sign of a sexually transmitted infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early in puberty, there is often an increase in normal vaginal discharge (physiologic leukorrhea) associated with uterine development. Girls or their parents may be concerned that this vaginal discharge is a sign of infection. The nurse can reassure them that the discharge is normal and a sign that the uterus is preparing for menstruation. It is caused by an increase in estrogen, not progesterone.