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The nurse is assessing the Tanner stage in an adolescent female. The nurse recognizes that the stages are based on which?
- A. The stages of vaginal changes
- B. The progression of menstrual cycles to regularity
- C. Breast size and the shape and distribution of pubic hair
- D. The development of fat deposits around the hips and buttocks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In females, the Tanner stages describe pubertal development based on breast size and the shape and distribution of pubic hair. The stages of vaginal changes, progression of menstrual cycles to regularity, and the development of fat deposits occur during puberty but are not used for the Tanner stages.
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The school nurse recognizes that students who are targeted for repeated harassment and bullying may exhibit what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Skip school
- B. Attempt suicide
- C. Bring weapons to school
- D. Attend extracurricular activities
- E. Report symptoms of depression
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Students targeted for repeated teasing and harassment are more likely to skip school, to report symptoms of depression, and to attempt suicide. Equally troubling, teens who are regularly harassed or bullied are also more likely to bring weapons to school to feel safe. Students who are bullied do not want to attend extracurricular activities.
What is true concerning masturbation during adolescence?
- A. Homosexuality is encouraged by the practice of masturbation.
- B. Many girls do not begin masturbation until after they have intercourse.
- C. Masturbation at an early age leads to sexual intercourse at an earlier age.
- D. Development of intimate relationships is delayed when masturbation is regularly practiced.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The age of first masturbation for girls is variable. Some begin masturbating in early adolescence; many do not begin until after they have had intercourse. Boys typically begin masturbation in early adolescence. Masturbation provides an opportunity for self-exploration. Both heterosexual and homosexual youth use masturbation. It does not affect the development of intimacy.
The school nurse teaches adolescents that the detrimental long-term effects of tanning are what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Vitamin D deficiency
- B. Premature aging of the skin
- C. Exacerbates acne outbreaks
- D. Increased risk for skin cancer
- E. Possible phototoxic reactions
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Adolescents should be educated regarding the detrimental effects of sunlight on the skin. Long-term effects include premature aging of the skin; increased risk for skin cancer; and, in susceptible individuals, phototoxic reactions. Exposure to levels of sunlight cause an increase in vitamin D production. Tanning can often reduce outbreaks of acne.
The school nurse recognizes that pubertal delay in girls is considered if breast development has not occurred by which age?
- A. 10 years
- B. 11 years
- C. 12 years
- D. 13 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Girls may be considered to have pubertal delay if breast development has not occurred by age 13 years or if menarche has not occurred within 2 to 2 1/2 years of the onset of breast development.
Girls experience an increase in weight and fat deposition during puberty. What do nursing considerations related to this include?
- A. Give reassurance that these changes are normal.
- B. Suggest dietary measures to control weight gain.
- C. Encourage a low-fat diet to prevent fat deposition.
- D. Recommend increased exercise to control weight gain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A certain amount of fat is increased along with lean body mass to fill the characteristic contours of the adolescents gender. A healthy balance must be achieved between expected healthy weight gain and obesity. Suggesting dietary measures or increased exercise to control weight gain would not be recommended unless weight gain was excessive because eating disorders can develop in this group. Some fat deposition is essential for normal hormonal regulation. Menarche is delayed in girls with body fat contents that are too low.