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The school nurse is teaching an adolescent about social networking and texting on phones. What statement by the adolescent indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. Social networking can help me develop interpersonal skills.
- B. I will have an opportunity to interact with people like myself.
- C. My text messaging during class time in school will not cause any disruption.
- D. I should be cautious, as the online environment can create opportunities for cyberbullying.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internet chatrooms and social networking sites have created a more public arena for trying out identities and developing interpersonal skills with a wider network of people, occasionally with anonymity. This can create opportunities for young people who have a limited access to friends (because of rural location, shyness, or rare chronic conditions) to interact with people like themselves. Both the online and text environment can create opportunities for cyberbullying, in which teens engage in insults, harassment, and publicly humiliating statements online or on cell phones. Text messaging and instant messaging via cell phones has become a common activity and can sometimes be disruptive during school. If the adolescent indicates it will not be disruptive, further teaching is needed.
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In boys, what is the initial indication of puberty?
- A. Voice changes
- B. Growth of pubic hair
- C. Testicular enlargement
- D. Increased size of penis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Testicular enlargement is the first change that signals puberty in boys; it usually occurs between the ages of 9 1/2 and 14 years during Tanner stage 2. Voice change occurs between Tanner stages 3 and 4. Fine pubic hair may occur at the base of the penis; darker hair occurs during Tanner stage 3. The penis enlarges during Tanner stage 3.
The nurse is preparing a pamphlet for parents of adolescents about guidance during the adolescent years. What suggestion should the nurse include in the pamphlet?
- A. Provide criticism when mistakes are made or when views are different.
- B. Use comparisons with older siblings or extended family to promote good outcomes.
- C. Begin to disengage from school functions to allow the adolescent to gain independence.
- D. Provide clear, reasonable limits and define consequences when rules are broken.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An anticipatory guideline to include when teaching parents of adolescents is to provide clear, reasonable limits and have clear consequences when rules are broken. Parents should avoid criticism when mistakes are made and should allow opportunities for the teen to voice different views and opinions. Parents should try to avoid comparing the teen with a sibling or extended family member. Parents should try to be more engaged in the teens school functions to show support and unconditional love.
What aspects of cognition develop during adolescence?
- A. Ability to see things from the point of view of another
- B. Capability of using a future time perspective
- C. Capability of placing things in a sensible and logical order
- D. Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents are no longer restricted to the real and actual. They also are concerned with the possible; they think beyond the present. During concrete operations (between ages 7 and 11 years), children exhibit thought processes that enable them to see things from the point of view of another, place things in a sensible and logical order, and progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason.
A 12-year-old girl asks the nurse about an increase in clear white odorless vaginal discharge. What response should the nurse give?
- A. This may mean a yeast infection.
- B. This is normal before menstruation starts.
- C. This is caused by an increase in progesterone.
- D. This is possibly a sign of a sexually transmitted infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early in puberty, there is often an increase in normal vaginal discharge (physiologic leukorrhea) associated with uterine development. Girls or their parents may be concerned that this vaginal discharge is a sign of infection. The nurse can reassure them that the discharge is normal and a sign that the uterus is preparing for menstruation. It is caused by an increase in estrogen, not progesterone.
According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Conventional thought
- C. Postconventional thought
- D. Formal operational thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive thinking culminates in the capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of formal operations, is Piagets fourth and last stage. Concrete operations usually occur between ages 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refers to Kohlbergs stages of moral development.