Nokea
What aspects of cognition develop during adolescence?
- A. Ability to see things from the point of view of another
- B. Capability of using a future time perspective
- C. Capability of placing things in a sensible and logical order
- D. Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents are no longer restricted to the real and actual. They also are concerned with the possible; they think beyond the present. During concrete operations (between ages 7 and 11 years), children exhibit thought processes that enable them to see things from the point of view of another, place things in a sensible and logical order, and progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason.
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The school nurse recognizes that pubertal delay in boys is considered if no enlargement of the testes or scrotal changes have occurred by what age?
- A. 11 1/2 to 12 years
- B. 12 1/2 to 13 years
- C. 13 1/2 to 14 years
- D. 14 1/2 to 15 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Concerns about pubertal delay should be considered for boys who exhibit no enlargement of the testes or scrotal changes by ages 13 1/2 to 14 years or if genital growth is not complete 4 years after the testicles begin to enlarge.
The school nurse recognizes that pubertal delay in girls is considered if breast development has not occurred by which age?
- A. 10 years
- B. 11 years
- C. 12 years
- D. 13 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Girls may be considered to have pubertal delay if breast development has not occurred by age 13 years or if menarche has not occurred within 2 to 2 1/2 years of the onset of breast development.
According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Conventional thought
- C. Postconventional thought
- D. Formal operational thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive thinking culminates in the capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of formal operations, is Piagets fourth and last stage. Concrete operations usually occur between ages 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refers to Kohlbergs stages of moral development.
What is an important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents?
- A. Adolescents generally are not risk takers.
- B. Adolescents can anticipate the long-term consequences of serious injuries.
- C. Adolescents need to discharge energy, often at the expense of logical thinking.
- D. During adolescence, participation in sports should be limited to prevent permanent injuries.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The physical, sensory, and psychomotor development of adolescents provides a sense of strength and confidence. There is also an increase in energy coupled with risk taking that puts them at risk. Adolescents are risk takers because their feelings of indestructibility interfere with understanding of consequences. Sports can be a useful way for adolescents to discharge energy. Care must be taken to avoid overuse injuries.
In girls, what is the initial indication of puberty?
- A. Menarche
- B. Growth spurt
- C. Breast development
- D. Growth of pubic hair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In most girls, the initial indication of puberty is the appearance of breast buds, an event known as thelarche. The usual sequence of secondary sexual characteristic development in girls is breast changes, a rapid increase in height and weight, growth of pubic hair, appearance of axillary hair, menstruation (menarche), and abrupt deceleration of linear growth.