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What are characteristics of dating relationships in early adolescence? (Select all that apply.)
- A. One-on-one dating
- B. Follow ritualized scripts
- C. Are psychosocially intimate
- D. Involve playing stereotypic roles
- E. Participating in mixed-gender group activities
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Early dating relationships typically follow highly ritualized scripts in which adolescents are more likely to play stereotypic roles than to really be themselves. Participating in mixed-gender group activities, such as going to parties or other events, may have a positive impact on young teenagers well-being. One-on-one dating during early adolescence, however, with a lot of time spent alone, may lead to sexual intimacy before a teen is ready. Although teenagers may begin dating during early adolescence, these early dating relationships are not usually psychosocially intimate.
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What aspects of cognition develop during adolescence?
- A. Ability to see things from the point of view of another
- B. Capability of using a future time perspective
- C. Capability of placing things in a sensible and logical order
- D. Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents are no longer restricted to the real and actual. They also are concerned with the possible; they think beyond the present. During concrete operations (between ages 7 and 11 years), children exhibit thought processes that enable them to see things from the point of view of another, place things in a sensible and logical order, and progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason.
Girls experience an increase in weight and fat deposition during puberty. What do nursing considerations related to this include?
- A. Give reassurance that these changes are normal.
- B. Suggest dietary measures to control weight gain.
- C. Encourage a low-fat diet to prevent fat deposition.
- D. Recommend increased exercise to control weight gain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A certain amount of fat is increased along with lean body mass to fill the characteristic contours of the adolescents gender. A healthy balance must be achieved between expected healthy weight gain and obesity. Suggesting dietary measures or increased exercise to control weight gain would not be recommended unless weight gain was excessive because eating disorders can develop in this group. Some fat deposition is essential for normal hormonal regulation. Menarche is delayed in girls with body fat contents that are too low.
What are characteristics of middle adolescence (1517 years) with regard to relationships with peers? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Behavioral standards set by peer group
- B. Acceptance of peers extremely important
- C. Seeks peer affiliations to counter instability
- D. Exploration of ability to attract opposite sex
- E. Peer group recedes in importance in favor of individual friendship
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Characteristics of middle adolescence relationships with peers include behavioral standards set by the peer group, acceptance of peers is extremely important, and exploration of the ability to attract opposite sex. Seeking peer affiliations to counter instability is a characteristic of early adolescence relationships with peers. Peer groups receding in importance in favor of individual friendships is characteristic of late adolescence relationships with peers.
The nurse is explaining to an adolescent the rationale for administering a Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) vaccine 3 years after the last Td (tetanus) booster. What should the nurse tell the adolescent?
- A. It is time for a booster vaccine.
- B. It is past the time for a booster vaccine.
- C. This vaccine will provide pertussis immunity.
- D. This vaccine will be the last booster you will need.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When the Tdap is used as a booster dose, it may be administered earlier than the previous 5-year interval to provide adequate pertussis immunity (regardless of interval from the last Td dose). It is not time or past time for a booster because they are required every 5 years. Another booster will be needed in 5 years, so it is not the last dose.
Parents of an adolescent ask the school nurse, It is OK for our adolescent to get a job? The nurse should answer telling the parents the effects of adolescents who work more than 20 hours a week are what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Can lead to fatigue
- B. Can lead to poorer grades
- C. Improves an interest in school
- D. Enhances development and identity
- E. Can reduce extracurricular involvement
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Detrimental effects are likely for adolescents who work more than 20 hours a week. Greater involvement in work can lead to fatigue, decreased interest in school, reduced extracurricular involvement, and poorer grades. Involvement in work may take time away from other activities that could contribute to identity development. Adolescent work as it exists today may negatively affect development.