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In boys, what is the initial indication of puberty?
- A. Voice changes
- B. Growth of pubic hair
- C. Testicular enlargement
- D. Increased size of penis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Testicular enlargement is the first change that signals puberty in boys; it usually occurs between the ages of 9 1/2 and 14 years during Tanner stage 2. Voice change occurs between Tanner stages 3 and 4. Fine pubic hair may occur at the base of the penis; darker hair occurs during Tanner stage 3. The penis enlarges during Tanner stage 3.
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What are characteristics of early adolescence (1114 years) with regard to identity? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Mature sexual identity
- B. Increase in self-esteem
- C. Trying out of various roles
- D. Conformity to group norms
- E. Preoccupied with rapid body changes
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Characteristics of early adolescence identity include trying out of various roles, conformity to group norms, and preoccupation with rapid body changes. Mature sexual identity and increase in self-esteem are characteristics of late adolescent identity.
The nurse is caring for children on an adolescent-only unit. What growth and development milestones should the nurse expect from 11- and 14-year-old adolescents? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Self-centered with increased narcissism
- B. No major conflicts with parents
- C. Established abstract thought process
- D. Have a rich, idealistic fantasy life
- E. Highly value conformity to group norms
- F. Secondary sexual characteristics appear
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Growth and development milestones in the 11- to 14-year-old age group include minimal conflicts with parents (compared with the 15- to 17-year-old age group), a high value placed on conformity to the norm, and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. Selfcenteredness and narcissism are seen in the 15- to 17-year-old age group along with a rich and idealistic fantasy life. Abstract thought processes are not well established until the 18- to 20-year-old age group.
What is most descriptive of the spiritual development of older adolescents?
- A. Beliefs become more abstract.
- B. Rituals and practices become increasingly important.
- C. Strict observance of religious customs is common.
- D. Emphasis is placed on external manifestations, such as whether a person goes to church.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because of their abstract thinking abilities, adolescents are able to interpret analogies and symbols. Rituals, practices, and strict observance of religious customs become less important as adolescents question values and ideals of families. Adolescents question external manifestations when not supported by adherence to supportive behaviors.
According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Conventional thought
- C. Postconventional thought
- D. Formal operational thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive thinking culminates in the capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of formal operations, is Piagets fourth and last stage. Concrete operations usually occur between ages 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refers to Kohlbergs stages of moral development.
What is an important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents?
- A. Adolescents generally are not risk takers.
- B. Adolescents can anticipate the long-term consequences of serious injuries.
- C. Adolescents need to discharge energy, often at the expense of logical thinking.
- D. During adolescence, participation in sports should be limited to prevent permanent injuries.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The physical, sensory, and psychomotor development of adolescents provides a sense of strength and confidence. There is also an increase in energy coupled with risk taking that puts them at risk. Adolescents are risk takers because their feelings of indestructibility interfere with understanding of consequences. Sports can be a useful way for adolescents to discharge energy. Care must be taken to avoid overuse injuries.