Nokea
The school nurse teaches adolescents that the detrimental long-term effects of tanning are what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Vitamin D deficiency
- B. Premature aging of the skin
- C. Exacerbates acne outbreaks
- D. Increased risk for skin cancer
- E. Possible phototoxic reactions
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Adolescents should be educated regarding the detrimental effects of sunlight on the skin. Long-term effects include premature aging of the skin; increased risk for skin cancer; and, in susceptible individuals, phototoxic reactions. Exposure to levels of sunlight cause an increase in vitamin D production. Tanning can often reduce outbreaks of acne.
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What guidelines should the nurse use when interviewing adolescents? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ensure privacy.
- B. Use open-ended questions.
- C. Share your thoughts and assumptions.
- D. Explain that all interactions will be confidential.
- E. Begin with less sensitive issues and proceed to more sensitive ones.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Guidelines for interviewing adolescents include ensuring privacy, using open-ended questions, and beginning with less sensitive issues and proceeding to more sensitive ones. The nurse should not share thoughts but maintain objectivity and should avoid assumptions, judgments, and lectures. It may not be possible for all interactions to be confidential. Limits of confidentiality include a legal duty to report physical or sexual abuse and to get others involved if an adolescent is suicidal.
The nurse is preparing a pamphlet for parents of adolescents about guidance during the adolescent years. What suggestion should the nurse include in the pamphlet?
- A. Provide criticism when mistakes are made or when views are different.
- B. Use comparisons with older siblings or extended family to promote good outcomes.
- C. Begin to disengage from school functions to allow the adolescent to gain independence.
- D. Provide clear, reasonable limits and define consequences when rules are broken.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An anticipatory guideline to include when teaching parents of adolescents is to provide clear, reasonable limits and have clear consequences when rules are broken. Parents should avoid criticism when mistakes are made and should allow opportunities for the teen to voice different views and opinions. Parents should try to avoid comparing the teen with a sibling or extended family member. Parents should try to be more engaged in the teens school functions to show support and unconditional love.
The nurse is assessing the Tanner stage in an adolescent male. The nurse recognizes that the stages are based on what?
- A. Hair growth on the face and chest
- B. Changes in the voice to a deeper timbre
- C. Muscle growth in the arms, legs, and shoulders
- D. Size and shape of the penis and scrotum and distribution of pubic hair
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In males, the Tanner stages describe pubertal development based on the size and shape of the penis and scrotum and the shape and distribution of pubic hair. During puberty, hair begins to grow on the face and chest; the voice becomes deeper; and muscles grow in the arms, legs, and shoulders, but these are not used for the Tanner stages.
The school nurse recognizes that pubertal delay in boys is considered if no enlargement of the testes or scrotal changes have occurred by what age?
- A. 11 1/2 to 12 years
- B. 12 1/2 to 13 years
- C. 13 1/2 to 14 years
- D. 14 1/2 to 15 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Concerns about pubertal delay should be considered for boys who exhibit no enlargement of the testes or scrotal changes by ages 13 1/2 to 14 years or if genital growth is not complete 4 years after the testicles begin to enlarge.
An adolescent asks the nurse about the safety of getting a tattoo. The nurse explains to the adolescent that it is important to find a qualified operator using proper sterile technique because an unsterilized needle or contaminated tattoo ink can cause what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Hepatitis C virus
- B. Hepatitis B virus
- C. Hepatitis E virus
- D. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- E. Mycobacterium chelonae skin infections
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Using the same unsterilized needle to tattoo body parts of multiple teenagers presents the same risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus transmission as occurs with other needle-sharing activities. Contaminated tattoo ink can cause nontuberculous M. chelonae skin infections. The hepatitis E virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, principally via contaminated water, not by contaminated needles.