Nokea
What is not the primary evidence-based approach to managing oppositional behaviour in children?
- A. Cognitive-behavioural intervention
- B. Psychosocial intervention
- C. Pharmacological intervention
- D. Family therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pharmacological intervention is not a primary approach for oppositional behavior; psychosocial interventions like parent training are first-line.
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A patient has a maladaptive response to eating regulation. Findings include the following: height, 5 feet 3 inches; current weight, 80 pounds with weight loss of 30% of body weight over the past 3 months; T, 96.6m F; BP, 68/40; P, 40; R, 20; poor skin turgor; lanugo; amenorrhea of 6 months' duration; admits to restricting intake to 350 calories daily; is a vegetarian; dissatisfied with eating pattern as evidenced by patient statement, 'I need to lose another 10 pounds to be at ideal weight'; diagnostic testing reveals serum potassium of 2.9 mEq/L and urine specific gravity of 1.028. Which of the following would be the highest priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements.
- B. Disturbed body image.
- C. Deficient fluid volume.
- D. Powerlessness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deficient fluid volume. The patient is displaying signs of severe malnutrition and dehydration, as evidenced by significant weight loss, low blood pressure, low heart rate, and poor skin turgor. The low serum potassium and high urine specific gravity indicate dehydration. Addressing fluid volume deficiency is the top priority to stabilize the patient's condition and prevent further complications like electrolyte imbalances and organ damage. Choices A and B are important but secondary to addressing the immediate threat of dehydration. Choice D is not the priority as the patient's primary concern is physiological rather than psychological.
Which of the following statements about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are true? (Select one tha does not apply)
- A. ADHD is more common in boys than in girls
- B. Children with ADHD tend to be of below-average intelligence
- C. Even though we think of ADHD as a disorder in children, adults can also have it
- D. Children with ADHD are often treated with the use of stimulants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with ADHD tend to be of above normal intelligence but often dont function at those levels. The causes of ADHD are more associated with brain dysfunction and genetic factors. Correct statements are: A (more common in boys), D (treated with stimulants), E (benefit from behavior modification), F (can persist into adulthood).
Which neighborhood in Boston had the highest rates of Chlamydia in 2006?
- A. Allston/Brighton
- B. Roxbury
- C. Jamiaca Plain
- D. Roslindale
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Roxbury, a historically underserved area, had higher Chlamydia rates in 2006, likely due to socioeconomic factors and limited healthcare access.
The nurse notes that a male client, who is taking an antipsychotic medication, is constantly moving from chair to chair during a group activity, and he complains that he feels 'nervous and jittery inside.' The nurse is aware that this client most likely is experiencing:
- A. Akinesia
- B. Dystonia
- C. Dyskinesia
- D. Akathisia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Akathisia. Akathisia is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications characterized by restlessness, inability to sit still, and a feeling of inner restlessness or jitteriness. In this case, the client's constant movement and feeling of nervousness align with the symptoms of akathisia.
A: Akinesia is the opposite of what the client is experiencing, characterized by a lack of movement or muscle weakness.
B: Dystonia involves involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal postures, not constant movement.
C: Dyskinesia refers to abnormal, involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and limbs, which are not described in the scenario.
A woman became severely depressed when the last of her six children moved out of the home 4 months ago. Since then she has neglected to care for herself, sleeps poorly, lost weight, and repeatedly states, "No one cares about me anymore. I'm worthless." After hospitalization, the nursing diagnosis of situational low self-esteem related to feelings of abandonment was identified. The nurse wishes to reinforce the patient's self-esteem by acknowledging the improvement in her personal appearance. She's wearing a new dress and has combed her hair. The most appropriate remark would be:
- A. You look very nice this morning, Mrs. J.
- B. I like the dress you're wearing, it's very pretty.
- C. What brought about this glamorous transformation?
- D. You've combed your hair and are wearing a new dress.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it directly compliments Mrs. J's personal appearance, reinforcing her self-esteem. By stating "You look very nice this morning, Mrs. J," the nurse acknowledges and validates Mrs. J's efforts to improve her appearance, which can help boost her self-esteem.
Choice B focuses solely on the dress, not directly addressing Mrs. J's overall appearance. Choice C may come across as insincere or too focused on the transformation rather than Mrs. J herself. Choice D, while acknowledging the hair and dress, lacks the personal and direct compliment needed to reinforce self-esteem effectively.
In summary, choice A is the best option as it provides a genuine and direct compliment that can positively impact Mrs. J's self-esteem.