Nokea
What is the appropriate action to take if a child is found to have a fever on the day of immunization?
- A. Administer the vaccine as scheduled
- B. Delay the immunization until the fever subsides
- C. Give a lower dose of the vaccine
- D. Administer an antipyretic before the vaccine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action is to delay the immunization until the fever subsides. This is because administering a vaccine during a fever may affect the body's immune response and efficacy of the vaccine. Giving a lower dose (choice C) may not provide adequate protection. Administering an antipyretic (choice D) may temporarily reduce fever but does not address the underlying illness causing the fever. Administering the vaccine as scheduled (choice A) can be harmful and is not recommended when the child has a fever.
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Which nutrient is essential for preventing anemia in pregnant women?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Iron
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iron. Iron is essential for preventing anemia in pregnant women because it is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues and organs. During pregnancy, the demand for iron increases to support the growing fetus and the mother's increased blood volume. Without adequate iron intake, pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia, which can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Vitamin C is important for iron absorption but does not directly prevent anemia.
B: Vitamin D is important for bone health but does not prevent anemia.
D: Calcium is important for bone health but does not prevent anemia in pregnant women.
Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines?
- A. Mild upper respiratory infection
- B. Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine
- C. Current antibiotic therapy
- D. Family history of allergies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine. This is a contraindication for live vaccines because individuals with a history of allergic reactions to a specific vaccine are at a higher risk of developing severe allergic reactions upon re-administration. It is crucial to avoid administering live vaccines to these individuals to prevent potential life-threatening complications.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Mild upper respiratory infection - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as it is a mild and temporary condition that does not affect vaccine administration.
C: Current antibiotic therapy - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as antibiotics do not interfere with live vaccine effectiveness.
D: Family history of allergies - While a family history of allergies may increase the risk of developing allergies, it is not a direct contraindication for live vaccines as long as the individual themselves does not have a history of allergic reactions to the specific vaccine.
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
- A. Measles
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Malaria
- D. Hepatitis B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malaria. Malaria is an example of a vector-borne disease because it is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The mosquito acts as a vector, carrying and transmitting the infectious agent (Plasmodium parasite) from one host to another. Measles (A), Tuberculosis (B), and Hepatitis B (D) are not vector-borne diseases. Measles is transmitted through respiratory droplets, Tuberculosis through airborne particles, and Hepatitis B through contact with infected blood or body fluids.
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
- A. Vaccination
- B. Health education
- C. Screening for hypertension
- D. Rehabilitation therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. Screening for hypertension (Choice C) is an example as it involves identifying individuals at risk of developing high blood pressure-related issues. Vaccination (Choice A) is a form of primary prevention. Health education (Choice B) is more focused on promoting healthy behaviors. Rehabilitation therapy (Choice D) is part of tertiary prevention, aimed at improving function after a disease has occurred.
Which of the following is a benefit of antenatal care?
- A. Early detection of pregnancy complications
- B. Increased risk of preterm labor
- C. Decreased maternal weight gain
- D. Delayed fetal growth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Early detection of pregnancy complications. Antenatal care involves regular check-ups during pregnancy to monitor the health of both the mother and the baby. Early detection of pregnancy complications through antenatal care allows for timely intervention and management, reducing the risks to both the mother and the baby. This can help prevent serious complications and improve outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
B: Increased risk of preterm labor - Antenatal care aims to reduce the risk of preterm labor through monitoring and appropriate management.
C: Decreased maternal weight gain - Antenatal care focuses on ensuring appropriate weight gain for a healthy pregnancy.
D: Delayed fetal growth - Antenatal care helps monitor fetal growth and detect any issues early to prevent delayed growth.