Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a component of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
- A. Community participation
- B. Use of appropriate technology
- C. Equitable distribution of resources
- D. Exclusive focus on curative care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Exclusive focus on curative care. Primary Health Care (PHC) emphasizes preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services rather than solely focusing on curative care. Curative care is just one aspect of healthcare but not the sole focus of PHC. Community participation (A), use of appropriate technology (B), and equitable distribution of resources (C) are all essential components of PHC as they contribute to comprehensive and accessible healthcare for all.
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What is the primary focus of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?
- A. Hospital-based care
- B. Curative care only
- C. Prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses
- D. Surgical interventions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses. The IMCI strategy focuses on a holistic approach that includes both prevention and treatment of common childhood illnesses. It emphasizes promoting healthy practices, early detection, appropriate treatment, and follow-up care. Hospital-based care (A) is not the primary focus as IMCI aims to improve health outcomes at the community level. Curative care only (B) is also not correct as prevention is a key component of IMCI. Surgical interventions (D) are not the primary focus of IMCI, which aims to address a wide range of common childhood illnesses with a comprehensive approach.
Which of the following is a key component of the IMCI strategy?
- A. Promoting hospital-based care
- B. Providing routine immunizations
- C. Enhancing maternal nutrition
- D. Integrated case management of childhood illnesses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Integrated case management of childhood illnesses. This is a key component of the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) strategy, which focuses on a holistic approach to managing common childhood illnesses at the primary healthcare level. IMCI includes assessing and classifying sick children, providing appropriate treatments, counseling caregivers, and ensuring follow-up care. This strategy aims to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality by improving the quality of care provided to children.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly align with the key component of the IMCI strategy. Promoting hospital-based care (A) may not be feasible or sustainable in resource-limited settings where primary healthcare is crucial. Providing routine immunizations (B) is important but is not the primary focus of the IMCI strategy. Enhancing maternal nutrition (C) is essential for maternal and child health but is not a key component of the IMCI strategy, which specifically targets childhood illnesses.
What is the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To provide emergency medical services
- B. To ensure all children receive routine immunizations
- C. To offer specialized treatments for rare diseases
- D. To manage chronic health conditions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure all children receive routine immunizations to prevent various communicable diseases. EPI focuses on providing vaccines to children at specific ages to build immunity and protect them from serious illnesses. It does not provide emergency medical services (A), offer specialized treatments for rare diseases (C), or manage chronic health conditions (D). By prioritizing routine immunizations, EPI aims to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases and improve overall public health.
Which of the following practices can help reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Administering antiretroviral therapy
- C. Using unsterilized medical equipment
- D. Avoiding prenatal care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administering antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy helps reduce the viral load in the mother, decreasing the risk of transmitting HIV to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It is a proven method recommended by the World Health Organization.
A: Exclusive breastfeeding can increase the risk of HIV transmission to the child if the mother is HIV positive.
C: Using unsterilized medical equipment can increase the risk of HIV transmission.
D: Avoiding prenatal care can lead to missed opportunities for prevention and treatment interventions.
What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding is 6 months. This is because breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for an infant's growth and development in the first 6 months of life. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of infections and allergies. Choice A (3 months) is not ideal as it may not provide sufficient nutrients for the baby's growth. Choices C (9 months) and D (12 months) exceed the recommended duration and may not be necessary for exclusive breastfeeding, as other foods can be introduced after 6 months.