Nokea
What is the primary benefit of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life?
- A. Prevents childhood obesity
- B. Ensures complete nutrition for the infant
- C. Increases the risk of allergies
- D. Delays cognitive development
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months provides complete nutrition for the infant, meeting all their dietary needs. Breast milk contains essential nutrients and antibodies that support healthy growth and development. It also helps to strengthen the baby's immune system and reduce the risk of infections. Ensuring complete nutrition through breastfeeding is crucial for optimal health outcomes in the early stages of life. Preventing childhood obesity, increasing the risk of allergies, and delaying cognitive development are not directly linked to exclusive breastfeeding and are therefore incorrect choices.
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Which of the following is an essential component of prenatal care?
- A. Routine immunizations
- B. Nutritional counseling
- C. Surgical interventions
- D. Radiologic exams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nutritional counseling. Prenatal care focuses on ensuring the health of both the mother and the developing baby. Proper nutrition is essential for the well-being of both, as it supports the baby's growth and development and helps prevent complications for the mother. Nutritional counseling provides guidance on maintaining a balanced diet, taking necessary supplements, and managing any dietary restrictions during pregnancy. Routine immunizations (A) are important but not typically a primary component of prenatal care. Surgical interventions (C) and radiologic exams (D) are generally avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary due to potential risks to the fetus. Therefore, B is the most essential component for prenatal care.
What is a key objective of the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS)?
- A. Eliminating non-communicable diseases
- B. Improving access to high-quality immunization services
- C. Reducing the cost of healthcare
- D. Increasing the number of healthcare professionals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improving access to high-quality immunization services. GIVS aims to ensure that everyone has access to vaccines and immunization services to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This objective aligns with the overall goal of increasing vaccination coverage and reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable illnesses globally. Choice A is incorrect as GIVS focuses on communicable diseases, not non-communicable diseases. Choice C is incorrect as GIVS aims to improve access to immunization services, not necessarily reduce the cost of healthcare. Choice D is incorrect as GIVS does not specifically target increasing the number of healthcare professionals, but rather improving access to immunization services.
Which of the following is an example of a waterborne disease?
- A. Hepatitis A
- B. Influenza
- C. Measles
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hepatitis A. Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogens that are transmitted through contaminated water. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that spreads through the consumption of contaminated water or food. It affects the liver and is commonly associated with poor sanitation and hygiene. Influenza, Measles, and Tuberculosis are not waterborne diseases. Influenza and Measles are viral infections spread through respiratory droplets, while Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily transmitted through the air. Hepatitis A is the only choice that aligns with the definition of a waterborne disease.
What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by WHO for the first 6 months of a baby's life. This is because breast milk provides all the essential nutrients and antibodies needed for a baby's optimal growth and development during this critical period. Introducing other foods or liquids before 6 months can increase the risk of infections and allergies in infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the WHO guidelines for exclusive breastfeeding duration.
Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines?
- A. Mild upper respiratory infection
- B. Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine
- C. Current antibiotic therapy
- D. Family history of allergies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine. This is a contraindication for live vaccines because individuals with a history of allergic reactions to a specific vaccine are at a higher risk of developing severe allergic reactions upon re-administration. It is crucial to avoid administering live vaccines to these individuals to prevent potential life-threatening complications.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Mild upper respiratory infection - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as it is a mild and temporary condition that does not affect vaccine administration.
C: Current antibiotic therapy - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as antibiotics do not interfere with live vaccine effectiveness.
D: Family history of allergies - While a family history of allergies may increase the risk of developing allergies, it is not a direct contraindication for live vaccines as long as the individual themselves does not have a history of allergic reactions to the specific vaccine.