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What is the basis for the reduction in disturbed thought processes when a patient is administered haloperidol (Haldol)?
- A. Reduction in the number of brain cells that crave dopamin
- B. Dopamine receptors are enhanced, making more dopamine available.
- C. Medication causes an increased cellular production of dopamine
- D. Dopamine receptors are blocked, making dopamine less available.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist. By blocking dopamine receptors, it reduces the activity of dopamine in the brain, which helps in reducing disturbed thought processes. Option A is incorrect as dopamine craving is not related to the mechanism of action of haloperidol. Option B is incorrect as enhancing dopamine receptors would increase dopamine activity, opposite to the intended effect of haloperidol. Option C is incorrect as increasing cellular production of dopamine would also increase dopamine activity, contradicting the purpose of using haloperidol.
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Which action will best facilitate the development of trust between a nurse and patient?
- A. Responding positively to the patient’s demands
- B. Clarifying with the patient whenever there is doubt
- C. Staying available to the patient for the entire shift
- D. Following through with whatever was promised
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, clarifying with the patient whenever there is doubt. This action shows active listening, respect, and a willingness to understand the patient's needs. By seeking clarification, the nurse demonstrates genuine interest in the patient's perspective, which helps build trust. Responding positively to demands (A) may not always be appropriate or feasible. Staying available for the entire shift (C) is important but not the sole factor in trust-building. Following through with promises (D) is crucial but does not address the patient's concerns or doubts directly. Clarifying doubts fosters clear communication and mutual understanding, establishing a foundation of trust.
Which assessment observation supports a patient’s diagnosis of disorganized schizophrenia?
- A. Reports suicidal ideations
- B. Last relapse was 6 years ago
- C. Consistent inappropriate laughing
- D. Believes that the government is out to get me
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because consistent inappropriate laughing is a characteristic symptom of disorganized schizophrenia. This observation aligns with the disorganized behavior and affect commonly seen in this subtype of schizophrenia. Option A is not specific to disorganized schizophrenia. Option B does not directly relate to disorganized symptoms. Option D suggests paranoia, which is more indicative of paranoid schizophrenia rather than disorganized schizophrenia.
A nursing instructor is teaching about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which student statement indicates that learning has occurred?
- A. During ECT a state of euphoria is induced
- B. ECT induces a grand mal seizure.
- C. During ECT a state of catatonia is induced
- D. ECT induces a petit mal seizure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ECT induces a grand mal seizure. This indicates learning has occurred because ECT does indeed induce a controlled grand mal seizure to treat severe depression. Euphoria (A) and catatonia (C) are not accurate states induced by ECT. A petit mal seizure (D) is a mild form of seizure not associated with ECT.
Which patient behavior supports the diagnosis of residual schizophrenia with negative symptoms?
- A. Communicating using only rhyming phases
- B. Claims that worms are crawling in my brain
- C. Maintaining both arms suspended awkwardly overhead
- D. Shows no emotion when telling the story of a sister’s recent death
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because showing no emotion when discussing a personal tragedy is indicative of blunted affect, a negative symptom commonly seen in residual schizophrenia. This behavior aligns with the diagnostic criteria for residual schizophrenia, which includes the presence of negative symptoms like flat affect. Choices A, B, and C do not directly relate to negative symptoms of schizophrenia. A communicating style or claims about worms do not specifically indicate negative symptoms, and maintaining arms awkwardly overhead is not a typical symptom of residual schizophrenia.
A community health nurse visits an elderly person whose spouse died 6 months ago. Two vodka bottles are in the trash. When the nurse asks about alcohol use, this person says, “I get lonely and drink a little to help me forget.” Select the nurse’s most therapeutic intervention.
- A. Assess whether this patient is drinking and driving.
- B. Teach the person about risks for alcoholism and suggest other coping strategies
- C. Advise the person not to drink alone because the risks for injury increase.
- D. Arrange for the person to attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting for older adults.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Teach the person about risks for alcoholism and suggest other coping strategies. This intervention is the most therapeutic because it addresses the underlying issue of using alcohol as a coping mechanism for loneliness and grief. By educating the person about the risks of alcoholism, the nurse can help the individual understand the potential harm of their current coping strategy. Additionally, suggesting alternative coping strategies can provide healthier ways to deal with loneliness and grief, ultimately promoting better overall well-being.
Choice A is incorrect because while assessing drinking and driving is important, it does not directly address the underlying emotional reasons for the alcohol use.
Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on the risks of injury rather than addressing the emotional aspects of the person's drinking behavior.
Choice D is incorrect as it jumps to a specific intervention without first addressing the person's understanding of their alcohol use and providing alternative coping strategies.