Nokea
What is the best description of the periosteum?
- A. Lining of a joint capsule
- B. A characteristic of skeletal muscle
- C. Most common type of cartilage tissue
- D. Fibrous connective tissue covering bone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The periosteum is fibrous connective tissue covering bone.
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To assess cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve), the nurse should:
- A. Perform a hearing test and assess balance.
- B. Evaluate the patient's ability to swallow.
- C. Inspect the patient's throat.
- D. Palpate the patient's neck.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve) is responsible for hearing and balance. A hearing test and balance assessment evaluate its function. Swallowing, throat inspection, and neck palpation are unrelated.
The patient with gout will have periodic exacerbations of painful joint inflammation. Acute episodes are treated with
- A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and colchicine.
- B. Allopurinol and aspirin.
- C. Antibiotics and acetaminophen.
- D. Bisphosphonates and calcium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NSAIDs and colchicine are used for acute gout attacks, whereas allopurinol is used for long-term management.
Priority Decision: A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a possible cervical spinal cord injury following an automobile crash. During admission of the patient, what is the highest priority for the nurse?
- A. Maintaining a patent airway
- B. Maintaining immobilization of the cervical spine
- C. Assessing the patient for head and other injuries
- D. Assessing the patient's motor and sensory function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immobilization prevents further injury.
What is the role of semaphorins and Eph ligands in development of the nervous system?
- A. The semaphorins and Eph ligands are growth factors that stimulate cell division of neurons.
- B. The semaphorins and Eph ligands act as signals for the outgrowth of neuronal growth cones; in general, both lead growth cones to turn away.
- C. The semaphorins and Eph ligands act as signals for the outgrowth of neuronal growth cones; in general, both lead growth cones to come toward them.
- D. The semaphorins and Eph ligands are cell-cell adhesion molecules that bind adjacent neurons together.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Semaphorins and Eph ligands act as guidance cues for growing axons. They generally function as repulsive signals, causing growth cones to turn away from inappropriate regions. This ensures precise navigation of axons to their correct targets, which is essential for establishing functional neural circuits.
A patient is discharged from the outpatient clinic following application of a synthetic fiberglass long arm cast for a fractured ulna. Before discharge, the nurse instructs the patient to do what?
- A. Never get the cast wet.
- B. Move the shoulder and fingers frequently.
- C. Place tape petals around the edges of the cast when it is dry.
- D. Use a sling to support the arm at waist level for the first 48 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Moving the unaffected parts promotes circulation and reduces stiffness.