Nokea
Nerve cells form long projections called ________.
- A. soma
- B. axons
- C. dendrites
- D. synapses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: axons. Nerve cells form long projections called axons to transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body. Axons are essential for communicating signals between different parts of the nervous system. Soma (A) refers to the cell body of the neuron, dendrites (C) are short, branched extensions that receive signals, and synapses (D) are the junctions where neurons communicate with each other, not the long projections themselves. Therefore, axons are the correct choice for the long projections formed by nerve cells.
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A 28-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with occipital lobe damage after a car accident. What should the nurse expect the patient to need help with?
- A. Being able to feel heat
- B. Processing visual images
- C. Identifying smells appropriately
- D. Being able to say what she means
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual images.
The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient's diagnostic tests which show changes in nerve insulation. What structure should the nurse explain to the patient that electrically insulates neurons?
- A. Astrocytes
- B. Gray matter
- C. Interneurons
- D. Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The myelin sheath is a phospholipid layer that electrically insulates neurons, allowing for faster transmission of nerve impulses. Astrocytes are a type of neuroglial cell, gray matter contains cell bodies, and interneurons facilitate communication within the central nervous system. The myelin sheath's role in nerve function is critical for understanding neurological disorders.
Which part of the endocrine system is sometimes called the "master gland"?
- A. adrenal gland
- B. pancreas
- C. pituitary gland
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it regulates the function of other endocrine glands by releasing hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is located at the base of the brain and is divided into the anterior and posterior lobes, each producing different hormones. The pituitary gland plays a central role in maintaining hormonal balance and overall bodily function.
In our body involuntary actions are controlled by:
- A. Medulla in Hindbrain
- B. Medulla in Forebrain
- C. Medulla in Spinal Cord
- D. Medulla in Midbrain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medulla in Hindbrain is the correct answer because it controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata, located in the hindbrain, is essential for maintaining vital bodily functions without conscious effort.
A patient who experienced an open fracture of the humerus 2 weeks ago is having increased pain at the fracture site. To identify a possible causative agent of osteomyelitis at the site, what should the nurse expect testing to include?
- A. X-rays
- B. CT scan
- C. Bone biopsy
- D. WBC count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone biopsy identifies the causative organism.