Nokea
What is a nursing intervention that is indicated for the patient with hemiplegia?
- A. The use of a footboard to prevent plantar flexion
- B. Immobilization of the affected arm against the chest with a sling
- C. Positioning the patient in bed with each joint lower than the joint proximal to it
- D. Having the patient perform passive range of motion (ROM) of the affected limb with the unaffected limb
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a footboard helps prevent contractures and deformities in patients with hemiplegia
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Regarding retinal metabolism:
- A. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina
- B. anaerobic metabolism predominates
- C. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina
- D. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retinal metabolism is primarily anaerobic, especially in the inner retina. Insulin is not required for glucose uptake, and oxygen is supplied by both the retinal and choroidal circulations.
A patient with a spinal cord injury at level C3-4 is being cared for in the ED. What is the priority assessment?
- A. Determine the level at which the patient has intact sensation.
- B. Assess the level at which the patient has retained mobility.
- C. Check blood pressure and pulse for signs of spinal shock.
- D. Monitor respiratory effort and oxygen saturation level.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory function is critical at this level of injury and must be assessed immediately.
The posterior column transmits which of the following
- A. Afferent pain and temperature
- B. Afferent tendon stretch impulses
- C. Motor tracts
- D. ?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The posterior columns (fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus) transmit proprioceptive and fine touch sensations. These pathways are essential for coordination and balance.
What is the most common diagnostic test used to assess musculoskeletal disorders?
- A. Myelogram
- B. Arthroscopy
- C. Standard x-ray
- D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Standard x-rays are widely used for initial assessments.
Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease?
- A. Multiple foci of nerve degeneration throughout brain and spinal cord
- B. Decreased secretion of acetylcholine at myoneural junctions
- C. Atrophy of voluntary muscles
- D. Destruction of nerve cells of the basal ganglia of the brain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parkinson's disease involves destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia.