Nokea
Which anatomic division of the nervous system is affected in a client undergoing neurological testing for a brain tumor?
- A. Peripheral nervous system
- B. Autonomic nervous system
- C. Sympathetic nervous system
- D. Central nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The brain is part of the central nervous system.
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The neuron processes that normally receives incoming stimuli are called:
- A. axons
- B. dendrites
- C. neurolemmas
- D. Schwann cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are the neuron processes that receive incoming stimuli and transmit them toward the cell body. Axons transmit signals away from the cell body, while neurolemmas, Schwann cells, and satellite cells are supportive structures. Thus, B is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a realistic outcome to establish with a client who has multiple sclerosis (MS)? The client will develop:
- A. Joint mobility
- B. Muscle strength
- C. Cognition
- D. Mood elevation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While joint mobility, cognition, and mood elevation can be improved or maintained, muscle strength is often progressively affected by MS and may not be fully restored.
The brain is protected by:
- A. the meninges.
- B. a cushion of fluid.
- C. the bony skull.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The brain is protected by multiple layers of defense, including the meninges (protective membranes), cerebrospinal fluid (a cushioning fluid), and the bony skull. The meninges consist of three layersâ€â€dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia materâ€â€that provide structural support and protection. Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a shock absorber. The skull provides a rigid barrier against physical injury. Together, these structures safeguard the brain from damage.
With regard to dermatomal nerve supply:
- A. C7 supplies the index finger
- B. The anterior axial line of the upper limb runs between C6 and C7
- C. T6 is at the level of the nipple
- D. The umbilicus is supplied by either T12 or L1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The T6 dermatome corresponds to the level of the nipple. Dermatomes are specific regions of skin supplied by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve.
What gland produces a secretion that causes fight-or-flight responses in effectors?
- A. adrenal medulla
- B. salivatory gland
- C. reproductive gland
- D. thymus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland and secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to stress, leading to fight-or-flight responses. The salivary gland produces saliva, the reproductive gland produces sex hormones, and the thymus produces T-cells for the immune system, none of which are related to fight-or-flight responses.