Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the brain?
- A. frontal
- B. dorsal
- C. parietal
- D. temporal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The brain is divided into four main lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The dorsal aspect refers to the upper part of the brain or spinal cord and is not a specific lobe. Each lobe has distinct functions, such as the frontal lobe's role in decision-making and the temporal lobe's involvement in hearing and language. The dorsal term is used anatomically to describe location rather than structure.
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Which part of the endocrine system is sometimes called the "master gland"?
- A. adrenal gland
- B. pancreas
- C. pituitary gland
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it regulates the function of other endocrine glands by releasing hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is located at the base of the brain and is divided into the anterior and posterior lobes, each producing different hormones. The pituitary gland plays a central role in maintaining hormonal balance and overall bodily function.
To assess cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve), the nurse should:
- A. Perform a hearing test and assess balance.
- B. Evaluate the patient's ability to swallow.
- C. Inspect the patient's throat.
- D. Palpate the patient's neck.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve) is responsible for hearing and balance. A hearing test and balance assessment evaluate its function. Swallowing, throat inspection, and neck palpation are unrelated.
Mr. K., aged 60 years, has a diagnosis of transient ischemic attack. An essential aspect of his history that needs to be documented is
- A. sudden, brief loss of sensory, motor, or visual function
- B. determining if he has any allergies
- C. any history of neurologic disease
- D. his medication history, both prescribed and over-the-counter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sudden neurological deficits are hallmark symptoms of TIA.
Dilatation of the peripheral arterial blood vessels can be caused by:
- A. thromboxane A2
- B. adenosine diphosphate
- C. endothelin
- D. prostaglandins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prostaglandins, particularly prostacyclin (PGI2), are potent vasodilators. Thromboxane A2, adenosine diphosphate, and endothelin are vasoconstrictors and do not cause peripheral arterial dilatation.
A patient is scheduled for a lumbar puncture. Which action should the nurse take when preparing this patient?
- A. Remove all metal jewelry.
- B. Administer enemas until clear.
- C. Remove the patient's dentures.
- D. Assist the patient into a side-lying position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a lumbar puncture, the patient is positioned in a side-lying or sitting position with the back flexed to widen the intervertebral spaces. Removing metal jewelry, administering enemas, or removing dentures are not necessary. Proper positioning ensures a successful procedure.