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Nurse Carter observes that Mr. Adams, a 73-year-old patient in her care, has a distinctive shuffling walk as he moves down the hallway. Recognizing this unique pattern, Nurse Carter reflects on which neurological condition is typically associated with such a gait. Which disease should Nurse Carter associate with a shuffling gait?
- A. Raynaud's disease
- B. Multiple sclerosis
- C. Myasthenia gravis
- D. Parkinson's disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A shuffling gait is a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease, caused by bradykinesia and postural instability.
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To determine the extent of Mr. Smith's head injury, what baseline nursing assessment is most important?
- A. Respiratory status
- B. Motor strength
- C. Urinary output
- D. Gastrointestinal function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory status is crucial in assessing head injuries due to potential brainstem involvement.
A technique that has proven to be helpful in training individuals with amnesia, where people are prevented - as far as possible - from making any errors while learning a new skill or new information is known as:
- A. Mnemonic training.
- B. Errorless learning.
- C. Aquistion learning.
- D. Prevention training.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Errorless learning is a training technique used to help individuals with amnesia acquire new skills or information without making mistakes. By minimizing errors during the learning process, this method enhances memory retention and reduces the likelihood of incorrect information being stored. Errorless learning is particularly effective for individuals with memory impairments, as it leverages their residual learning abilities and promotes successful skill acquisition.
The nervous system is divided into the ___________.
- A. brain and spinal cord
- B. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
- C. PNS & CNS
- D. autonomic and somatic nervous systems
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system is broadly divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which includes all neural tissue outside the CNS. This division is fundamental to understanding the organization and function of the nervous system.
A patient is scheduled for a lumbar puncture. Which action should the nurse take when preparing this patient?
- A. Remove all metal jewelry.
- B. Administer enemas until clear.
- C. Remove the patient's dentures.
- D. Assist the patient into a side-lying position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a lumbar puncture, the patient is positioned in a side-lying or sitting position with the back flexed to widen the intervertebral spaces. Removing metal jewelry, administering enemas, or removing dentures are not necessary. Proper positioning ensures a successful procedure.
Priority Decision: Twenty-four hours after a below-the-knee amputation, a patient uses the call system to tell the nurse that his dressing (a compression bandage) has fallen off. What is the first action that the nurse should take?
- A. Apply ice to the site.
- B. Cover the incision with dry gauze.
- C. Reapply the compression dressing.
- D. Elevate the extremity on a couple of pillows.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dry gauze protects the wound until proper redressing.