Nokea
When is a diagnosis of cholinergic crisis made?
- A. The patient's respiration is impaired because of muscle weakness.
- B. Administration of edrophonium (Tensilon) increases muscle weakness.
- C. Administration of edrophonium (Tensilon) results in improved muscle contractility.
- D. EMG reveals decreased response to repeated stimulation of muscles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased muscle weakness after Tensilon indicates cholinergic crisis
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A 60-year-old woman has pain on motion in her fingers and asks the nurse whether this is just a result of aging. The best response by the nurse should include what information?
- A. Joint pain with functional limitation is a normal change that affects all people to some extent.
- B. Joint pain that develops with age is usually related to previous trauma or infection of the joints.
- C. This is a symptom of a systemic arthritis that eventually affects all joints as the disease progresses.
- D. Changes in the cartilage and bones of joints may cause symptoms of pain and loss of function in some people as they age.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related joint changes can cause pain and dysfunction.
A refractory period is___________.
- A. a brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse
- B. the period during which potassium and sodium ions are completely stable
- C. the same as the resting potential
- D. the short time the myelin sheath provides insulation from another impulse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The refractory period is a brief time following an action potential during which a neuron is unable to fire another impulse. This period ensures that action potentials propagate in one direction and allows the neuron to reset its ion gradients. The refractory period is divided into the absolute refractory period, when no new action potentials can be generated, and the relative refractory period, when a stronger-than-usual stimulus is required to generate an action potential.
A client with rheumatoid arthritis taking hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) should be taught that, because of this drug therapy, he should
- A. expect relief of pain and inflammation within 1-2 weeks
- B. have an eye examination every 4-6 months
- C. take the medication before bedtime
- D. be alert for development of a skin rash
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydroxychloroquine can cause retinal damage, requiring regular eye exams.
How many distinct types of multiple sclerosis (MS) are there?
- A. 6
- B. 5
- C. 4
- D. 3
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is classified into four main types: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), primary-progressive MS (PPMS), and progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS). Each type has distinct patterns of disease progression and symptom presentation.
A patient who experienced an open fracture of the humerus 2 weeks ago is having increased pain at the fracture site. To identify a possible causative agent of osteomyelitis at the site, what should the nurse expect testing to include?
- A. X-rays
- B. CT scan
- C. Bone biopsy
- D. WBC count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone biopsy identifies the causative organism.