Nokea
Thyroid hormone:
- A. increases the absorption of carbohydrate from the intestine
- B. exerts a negative feedback action on TSH production
- C. increases the concentration of 2,3-DPG within the red blood cells
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroid hormones enhance carbohydrate absorption, exert negative feedback on TSH production, and increase 2,3-DPG levels in red blood cells, which facilitates oxygen release to tissues.
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While collecting data the nurse learns that a patient with a neurological illness has not had a sense of smell for several decades. Which part of the central nervous system should the nurse question as being damaged in this patient?
- A. Brainstem
- B. Occipital lobe
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Temporal lobe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) originates in the temporal lobe, and damage to this area can result in anosmia (loss of smell). The brainstem, occipital lobe, and hypothalamus are not directly involved in the sense of smell. Assessing olfactory function can provide clues about neurological damage.
The polyneuropathic pattern of sensory loss suggests presence of the following syndrome:
- A. numbness & pain in distal parts of extremities
- B. numbness & analgesia in half of the body
- C. pain & sensory ataxia in half of the body
- D. analgesia & sensory ataxia in proximal parts of extremities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Numbness and pain in distal parts of extremities is the correct answer because polyneuropathy typically affects the longest nerves first, leading to a glove-and-stocking pattern of sensory loss. This condition is often caused by systemic diseases such as diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or toxic exposures.
Priority Decision: A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a possible cervical spinal cord injury following an automobile crash. During admission of the patient, what is the highest priority for the nurse?
- A. Maintaining a patent airway
- B. Maintaining immobilization of the cervical spine
- C. Assessing the patient for head and other injuries
- D. Assessing the patient's motor and sensory function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immobilization prevents further injury.
What is a nursing intervention that is indicated for the patient with hemiplegia?
- A. The use of a footboard to prevent plantar flexion
- B. Immobilization of the affected arm against the chest with a sling
- C. Positioning the patient in bed with each joint lower than the joint proximal to it
- D. Having the patient perform passive range of motion (ROM) of the affected limb with the unaffected limb
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a footboard helps prevent contractures and deformities in patients with hemiplegia
The nervous system is divided into the ___________.
- A. brain and spinal cord
- B. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
- C. PNS & CNS
- D. autonomic and somatic nervous systems
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system is broadly divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which includes all neural tissue outside the CNS. This division is fundamental to understanding the organization and function of the nervous system.