Nokea
In our body involuntary actions are controlled by:
- A. Medulla in Hindbrain
- B. Medulla in Forebrain
- C. Medulla in Spinal Cord
- D. Medulla in Midbrain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medulla in Hindbrain is the correct answer because it controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata, located in the hindbrain, is essential for maintaining vital bodily functions without conscious effort.
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The sensory root of the facial nerve
- A. Arises from the sulcus between the pons and medulla
- B. Is called the nervus intermedius
- C. Presents as a swelling in the bend called the otic ganglion
- D. Emerges from the base of the skull through the foramen ovale
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sensory root of the facial nerve is called the nervus intermedius. It carries taste fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and parasympathetic fibers to salivary glands.
Which intervention should you delegate to the nursing assistant for a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome preparing for surgery?
- A. Initiate placement of a splint for immobilization during the day.
- B. Assess the patient's wrist and hand for discoloration and brittle nails.
- C. Assist the patient with daily self-care measures such as bathing and eating.
- D. Test the patient for painful tingling in the four digits of the hand.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Daily self-care assistance is a suitable task for a nursing assistant.
The polyneuropathic pattern of sensory loss suggests presence of the following syndrome:
- A. numbness & pain in distal parts of extremities
- B. numbness & analgesia in half of the body
- C. pain & sensory ataxia in half of the body
- D. analgesia & sensory ataxia in proximal parts of extremities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Numbness and pain in distal parts of extremities is the correct answer because polyneuropathy typically affects the longest nerves first, leading to a glove-and-stocking pattern of sensory loss. This condition is often caused by systemic diseases such as diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or toxic exposures.
A nurse counseling a patient diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) should understand that the assessment of highest priority is:
- A. risk for self-harm
- B. cognitive functioning
- C. identification of drug abuse
- D. readiness to reestablish identity or memory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: risk for self-harm. In patients with DID, the primary concern is ensuring their safety due to the high risk of self-harm or suicide. Assessing this risk is crucial for immediate intervention to prevent harm. Choice B, cognitive functioning, may be important but is secondary to ensuring patient safety. Choice C, identification of drug abuse, is relevant but not as urgent as addressing the risk for self-harm. Choice D, readiness to reestablish identity or memory, is important but not as critical as ensuring the patient's safety. Therefore, assessing the risk for self-harm takes precedence in the care of a patient with DID.
A patient recently started on phenytoin (Dilantin) to control simple complex seizures is seen in the outpatient clinic. Which information obtained during his chart review and assessment will be of greatest concern?
- A. The gums appear enlarged and inflamed.
- B. The white blood cell count is 2300/mm³.
- C. Patient occasionally forgets to take the phenytoin until after lunch.
- D. Patient wants to renew his driver's license in the next month.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A low white blood cell count could indicate bone marrow suppression, a serious side effect of phenytoin.