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What is the best method to obtain a urine sample in an 8-month-old being evaluated for a UTI?
- A. Clean the perineum front-to-back and apply a urine collection bag.
- B. Insert an indwelling Foley catheter.
- C. Place a sterile cotton ball in the diaper and collect with a syringe.
- D. Perform an in-and-out (straight) catheterization.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For infants who are not toilet-trained, an in-and-out catheterization is the most reliable method for obtaining a sterile urine sample.
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A healthy 20-day-old male examination reveals a palpable liver margin below the right costal margin; lab findings: white blood count, 18700/mm3; hemoglobin, 8.8 g/dl; blast cells, 10%; the BEST approach for the management is consistent with acute myeloproliferative disorder
- A. intensive chemotherapy
- B. low dose chemotherapy pulses
- C. bone marrow transplantation
- D. close follow up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive chemotherapy is the standard approach for managing acute myeloproliferative disorders.
Childhood primary brain stem tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors; the outcome usually depends on the tumor location. Which tumor, depending on the site of tumor, carries the worst prognosis?
- A. focal dorsally exophytic
- B. cervicomedullary diffuse intrinsic
- C. none of the above
- D. diffuse intrinsic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have the worst prognosis among brainstem tumors.
The clue to need a help for a child who does not respond to his or her name is by age of
- A. 6 months
- B. 8 months
- C. 10 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By 12 months, a child should respond to their name; if not, it may indicate a developmental concern.
The nurse is teaching nursing students about childhood skin lesions. Which is an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid?
- A. Cyst
- B. Papule
- C. Pustule
- D. Vesicle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A vesicle is an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid. Serous fluid is a clear, watery fluid that can accumulate within the vesicle. Vesicles are commonly seen in conditions such as herpes simplex virus infections (cold sores) and contact dermatitis. It is important for nursing students to understand the characteristics of different skin lesions to accurately assess and provide appropriate care for patients.
Of the following, the WORST prognostic factor in pediatric osteosarcoma is
- A. primary pelvic bone tumor
- B. poor histologic response to treatment
- C. bony metastases at the time of diagnosis
- D. lung metastases at the time of diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Poor histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a strong predictor of poor prognosis.