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What is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders called?
- A. Industrial psychology.
- B. Social psychology.
- C. Developmental psychology.
- D. Clinical psychology.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Clinical psychology. Clinical psychology specifically deals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Industrial psychology (choice A) focuses on behavior in the workplace, social psychology (choice B) studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others, and developmental psychology (choice C) is the study of how and why people change over time.
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Daniel is pretending that one of his blocks is a car. Daniel is exhibiting which function?
- A. Abstraction
- B. Preoperational
- C. Overextension
- D. Semiotic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abstraction. Pretending that a block is a car demonstrates abstraction, where one object is used to represent another. Choice B, Preoperational, refers to Piaget's stage of cognitive development. Choice C, Overextension, involves using a word in a broader context than is appropriate. Choice D, Semiotic, refers to the use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts, which is not directly related to the scenario described in the question.
In __, the individual can't recall everything about a certain period of time.
- A. Systematized amnesia
- B. Selective amnesia
- C. Collective amnesia
- D. Localized amnesia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Localized amnesia refers to the inability to recall all events during a specific period of time. This type of amnesia is characterized by the loss of memories related to a particular incident or period, while other memories remain intact. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they refer to different types of amnesia. Systematized amnesia is a term used to describe a selective loss of memory related to a specific category of information or knowledge. Selective amnesia involves the conscious or unconscious blocking out of specific memories, often due to psychological reasons. Collective amnesia pertains to a lack of shared memory or historical awareness within a group or society.
What term describes exceptional mental abilities such as mental math, memorization, musical, and artistic ability found among individuals with autism?
- A. Savant skills
- B. Theory of mind
- C. Echolalia
- D. Self-stimulatory behaviors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Savant skills. Savant skills refer to exceptional abilities commonly observed in individuals with autism. These skills can include remarkable talents in areas such as mental math, memorization, music, and art. Choice B, Theory of mind, is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, which is a different concept. Choice C, Echolalia, is the repetition of words or phrases, not related to exceptional abilities. Choice D, Self-stimulatory behaviors, involves repetitive body movements or sounds often seen in individuals with autism but is not directly related to exceptional mental abilities.
Unlike other types of anxiety disorders, this one is not triggered by anything specific, hence the name free-floating anxiety.
- A. Social anxiety disorder
- B. Generalized anxiety disorder
- C. Panic disorder
- D. Specific phobia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry or anxiety that is not triggered by specific situations or objects, hence the term 'free-floating anxiety.' Social anxiety disorder (A) is characterized by fear and anxiety about social situations, panic disorder (C) involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks, and specific phobia (D) is an intense fear of a specific object or situation. Therefore, B is the most appropriate choice in the context of anxiety not being triggered by specific stimuli.
According to the diathesis-stress model, having a predisposition towards mental illness...
- A. Means that a person will surely develop a mental disorder in the future
- B. Does not affect the chances of developing a mental disorder
- C. Increases the chance that a person would have a mental disorder
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to the diathesis-stress model, having a predisposition towards mental illness increases the risk but does not guarantee the development of a mental disorder. Choice A is incorrect as the model does not imply certainty. Choice B is incorrect as having a predisposition does affect the chances. Choice D is incorrect as the model does have an impact on the likelihood of developing a mental disorder.