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What is the common name for the organic compound CH₃OH?
- A. Methane
- B. Ethanol
- C. Methanol
- D. Butanol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The common name for the organic compound CH₃OH is methanol. Methane (A) has the chemical formula CH₄. Ethanol (B) corresponds to the formula C₂H₅OH. Butanol (D) is a compound with the formula C₄H₉OH. The correct answer is C - Methanol, which is the common name for CH₃OH, while the other options correspond to different organic compounds with distinct formulas. Therefore, methanol is the correct choice when identifying the common name for the compound CH₃OH.
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What is the name of the growth plates in children's bones where new bone tissue is formed?
- A. Epiphyses
- B. Diaphysis
- C. Periosteum
- D. Medullary cavity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiphyses. Epiphyses are cartilaginous areas found at the ends of long bones, enabling growth and bone lengthening during childhood and adolescence. The diaphysis refers to the main shaft of a long bone. The periosteum is the outer bone layer responsible for nourishment and aiding in bone repair. The medullary cavity is the central cavity within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow but is not involved in new bone tissue formation.
Sebaceous glands, located in the dermis, secrete an oily substance called:
- A. Sweat
- B. Sebum
- C. Cerumen
- D. Mucus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sebaceous glands are responsible for secreting an oily substance called sebum, not sweat, cerumen, or mucus. Sebum plays a vital role in lubricating and waterproofing the skin and hair, preventing them from drying out. Sweat glands produce sweat to regulate body temperature. Cerumen is the medical term for earwax, produced by ceruminous glands in the ear canal, while mucus is a slimy substance that protects and lubricates body tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Sebum, as it is the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.
What is the network of vessels and ducts responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues?
- A. Circulatory system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Lymphatic system
- D. Respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the Lymphatic system (option C). The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. It works alongside the circulatory system to maintain fluid balance in the body. The circulatory system (option A) transports blood, the digestive system (option B) processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste, while the respiratory system (option D) is responsible for gas exchange, specifically the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
What is the name of the strong acid produced by the stomach to help break down food?
- A. Hydrochloric acid
- B. Lactic acid
- C. Bile
- D. Fatty acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, hydrochloric acid. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in the digestion process by breaking down food, particularly proteins. This acid is crucial for the proper absorption of nutrients in the stomach. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during intense exercise, not in the stomach. Bile is produced by the liver to assist in digestion, primarily in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Fatty acids are molecules found in fats with different functions in the body, but they are not the primary acid produced by the stomach for digestion.
Which phenomenon describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism?
- A. Refraction
- B. Diffraction
- C. Dispersion
- D. Reflection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dispersion is the phenomenon that describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism. When white light enters a prism, it is refracted at different angles depending on its wavelength, causing the colors to spread out. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, not the separation of colors. Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles, not the separation of colors. Reflection is the bouncing back of light rays from a surface, not the separation of colors. In the context of a prism, dispersion plays a key role in the creation of a spectrum of colors by separating the different wavelengths present in white light.