Nokea
What is the condition where the blood vessels that supply blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, causing pain and difficulty walking?
- A. Peripheral artery disease
- B. Raynaud's disease
- C. Varicose veins
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is characterized by narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the legs, leading to reduced blood flow, causing pain and difficulty walking (claudication). The narrowing is typically due to atherosclerosis. Raynaud's disease (B) involves spasms of small arteries, causing reduced blood flow to fingers and toes, not legs. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins, not arteries. Pulmonary embolism (D) is a blockage in the lungs' arteries, not the legs.
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Identify the three layers of the heart:
- A. Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
- B. Epicardium, Pericardium, Endocardium
- C. Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium
- D. Pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Endocardium: Innermost layer lining the heart chambers.
2. Myocardium: Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle tissue.
3. Epicardium: Outermost layer forming the visceral pericardium.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Summary:
B is incorrect as it includes Pericardium instead of Myocardium.
C is incorrect as it switches the positions of Myocardium and Epicardium.
D is incorrect as it has the layers listed in the wrong order and includes Pericardium as the innermost layer.
What is a condition where the alveoli are gradually destroyed, leading to shortness of breath and reduced oxygen exchange?
- A. Emphysema
- B. Pulmonary fibrosis
- C. Pulmonary edema
- D. Lung cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer. Alveoli destruction in emphysema leads to shortness of breath and reduced oxygen exchange. This condition is primarily caused by smoking and results in irreversible damage to the air sacs in the lungs. Pulmonary fibrosis involves scarring of lung tissue, not alveoli destruction. Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs, disrupting oxygen exchange. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung, which may not directly lead to alveoli destruction.
Priority Decision: A patient is hospitalized after a successful resuscitation of an episode of sudden cardiac death (SCD). During the care of the patient, what nursing intervention is most important?
- A. Continuous ECG monitoring
- B. Auscultation of the carotid arteries
- C. Frequent assessment of heart sounds
- D. Monitoring of airway status and respiratory patterns
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Continuous monitoring detects dysrhythmias.
Clients taking diuretics for chronic congestive heart failure need to be taught to report
- A. 1-lb weight gain in 2 days
- B. Seeing yellow hazes around bright lights
- C. Change in the heart rate
- D. Change in activity tolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight gain indicates fluid retention.
The client is receiving digoxin and complains of nausea. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Check the client's digoxin level.
- B. Continue the current dose of digoxin.
- C. Administer an antiemetic for nausea.
- D. Discontinue the digoxin immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the client's digoxin level. The priority action is to assess the digoxin level to determine if it is within the therapeutic range, as nausea can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. Checking the level will guide further actions. Continuing the dose without assessment (B) may worsen toxicity. Administering an antiemetic (C) only addresses the symptom, not the underlying cause. Discontinuing digoxin immediately (D) without assessing the level can be harmful if the client actually needs the medication.