Cardiovascular System Exam

Cardiovascular System Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam related questions and content

What is the condition where the heart's mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the left atrium?

  • A. Mitral regurgitation
  • B. Aortic stenosis
  • C. Tricuspid regurgitation
  • D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitral regurgitation. In this condition, the mitral valve fails to close properly, causing blood to flow back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. This results in decreased forward blood flow and increased volume in the left atrium and ventricle. Mitral regurgitation can lead to symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart murmur upon auscultation.

Now, let's analyze the other choices:
B: Aortic stenosis - This involves narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.
C: Tricuspid regurgitation - Involves backward flow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium due to a faulty tricuspid valve.
D: Pulmonary hypertension - Elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, usually caused by underlying conditions affecting the lungs or heart.

Therefore, the correct answer is A because it specifically describes

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What is a condition where the heart's electrical system malfunctions, leading to an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia?

  • A. Arrhythmia
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. Tachycardia
  • D. Ventricular fibrillation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat caused by malfunctioning of the heart's electrical system. Bradycardia (B) is a slow heart rate, Tachycardia (C) is a fast heart rate, and Ventricular fibrillation (D) is a life-threatening arrhythmia characterized by rapid, irregular heartbeats. Arrhythmia encompasses various types of irregular heart rhythms, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.

What is the ability of cardiac cells to generate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an external source?

  • A. Automaticity
  • B. Contractility
  • C. Conductivity
  • D. Refractoriness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Automaticity is the ability of cardiac cells to generate an electrical impulse spontaneously without external stimulation. It is a fundamental property of specialized cardiac cells like pacemaker cells. Contractility refers to the ability of muscle cells to contract in response to an electrical stimulus. Conductivity is the ability of cardiac cells to transmit electrical impulses. Refractoriness is the period during which cardiac cells are unable to respond to a new stimulus. Therefore, in this context, the correct answer is A: Automaticity.

As the cardiac-vascular nurse prepares to administer an experimental cardiac drug to a patient who is participating in a research study, the patient states that they no longer want the medication. The nurse advises the patient that:

  • A. participation in the study is critical to improving the quality of patient outcomes.
  • B. the medication dose has been scheduled for administration.
  • C. the primary investigator will speak with the patient about their decision.
  • D. they have the right to refuse the medication and to withdraw from the study.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patients have the right to refuse treatment or withdraw from a study at any time.

High SVR is most likely to cause damage to which organ?

  • A. Brain
  • B. Heart
  • C. Retina
  • D. Kidney
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Elevated SVR strains renal arterioles, leading to kidney damage.

This term refers to a change in the inotropic state of the muscle without a change in myocardial fiber length.

  • A. Contractility
  • B. Excitability
  • C. Refractoriness
  • D. Automaticity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Contractility is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the ability of the heart muscle to contract with a given force without changing its length. This term is used to describe changes in the inotropic state of the muscle, which affects the strength of contraction. Excitability, refractoriness, and automaticity do not directly relate to changes in muscle contraction force without altering fiber length. Excitability is the ability of the muscle to respond to stimuli, refractoriness is the recovery period after a muscle contraction, and automaticity is the ability of certain cells to generate spontaneous electrical activity.

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