Physical Exam Cardiovascular System

Physical Exam Cardiovascular System Related

Review Physical Exam Cardiovascular System related questions and content

What is the condition where the walls of the heart's ventricles become thickened, reducing the heart's ability to pump blood effectively?

  • A. Ventricular hypertrophy
  • B. Atrial fibrillation
  • C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ventricular hypertrophy. Ventricular hypertrophy refers to the thickening of the walls of the heart's ventricles, which can reduce the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. This condition is often a response to conditions like high blood pressure or heart valve disease, leading to increased workload on the heart muscle. Atrial fibrillation (B) is an irregular heart rhythm, not directly related to ventricular thickening. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (C) involves stiffening of the heart muscle, affecting the heart's ability to fill properly. Cardiomyopathy (D) is a general term for diseases of the heart muscle, not specifically describing ventricular thickening.

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Which factor is most closely associated with successful smoking cessation?

  • A. Enrollment in a short-term support group.
  • B. Lack of reliance on nicotine gum as a secondary intervention.
  • C. Preparation of a plan to deal with potential relapses.
  • D. Reliance on a single intervention.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Having a plan to address potential relapses is crucial for long-term success in smoking cessation.

You make a home visit to evaluate a hypertensive patient who has been taking enalapril (Vasotec) for 3 weeks. Which information indicates that you need to contact the physician about a change in the drug therapy?

  • A. Patient complains of frequent urination.
  • B. Patient's blood pressure is 138/86.
  • C. Patient coughs often during the visit.
  • D. Patient complains of occasional dizziness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A persistent cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril, and it may warrant a change in medication.

Which surgical procedure involves opening or replacing a narrowed or blocked heart valve?

  • A. Valve replacement
  • B. Angioplasty
  • C. Stent placement
  • D. Coronary bypass surgery
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Valve replacement. This surgical procedure involves opening or replacing a narrowed or blocked heart valve. During valve replacement, a damaged valve is removed and replaced with a new one to restore normal blood flow. Angioplasty (B) involves opening blocked arteries, stent placement (C) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, and coronary bypass surgery (D) involves rerouting blood flow around blocked coronary arteries. These procedures are not specifically related to treating narrowed or blocked heart valves, making them incorrect choices for this question.

What structures hold up the AV valves and are anchored to the ventricular wall by the papillary muscles?

  • A. Chordae tendineae
  • B. Papillary muscles
  • C. Semilunar valves
  • D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chordae tendineae. These fibrous cords hold up the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) and are anchored to the ventricular wall by the papillary muscles. The papillary muscles contract to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing into the atria during ventricular contraction. Choice B (Papillary muscles) is incorrect as they assist in the function but are not the structures that hold up the AV valves. Choices C (Semilunar valves) and D (Aortic valve) are incorrect as they are not directly involved in supporting the AV valves or anchored by the papillary muscles.

For which of the following should Mr. Murphy contact his physician following bypass surgery?

  • A. A generalized feeling of being weak and tired
  • B. Incisional discomfort for 4 postoperative weeks
  • C. The presence of some pink drainage from the leg incision site
  • D. Inability to increase walking distance without pain
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Difficulty increasing activity may indicate complications.

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