Nokea
What is the function of aldosterone?
- A. It converts proinsulin to insulin.
- B. It conserves sodium in the body.
- C. It protects against stress.
- D. It affects heat production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a key role in regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. Its primary function is to conserve sodium by increasing its reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
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How does the skin aid in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body?
- A. Sebum
- B. Keratin
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. The skin plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphate levels by producing Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestines, thus regulating their levels in the body. Sebum is an oily substance produced by the skin to moisturize and protect it. Keratin is a protein that forms the structure of the skin and its appendages. Vitamin A is essential for skin health and vision but is not directly involved in regulating calcium and phosphate levels.
What are the connective tissue cells found in nerve tissue called?
- A. Osteoblasts
- B. Neuroglia
- C. Osteocytes
- D. Arterioles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Within nerve tissue, in addition to neurons responsible for transmitting nerve impulses, there are connective tissue cells known as neuroglia. Neuroglia play a vital role in providing support, insulation, and protection for neurons within the nervous system. Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small arteries responsible for regulating blood flow, not found in nerve tissue.
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select the ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Supporting the body
- B. Hemopoiesis
- C. Conducting impulses
- D. Providing protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Conducting impulses.' The skeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body to maintain posture and provide structure, facilitating movement, protecting internal organs, and producing blood cells through hemopoiesis. Conducting impulses is a function of the nervous system, not the skeletal system.
Which organelle contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?
- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Vacuole
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for phagocytosis in white blood cells. During phagocytosis, white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens or debris. Lysosomes contain enzymes that aid in breaking down the engulfed material, playing a crucial role in the process. On the other hand, the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Vacuole, and Golgi apparatus have different functions within the cell and are not directly involved in phagocytosis.
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?
- A. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- B. Lactic acid
- C. Creatine-phosphate.
- D. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: