Nokea
What is the fundamental unit of life that constructs all living organisms?
- A. Atom
- B. Cell
- C. Organ
- D. Tissue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cell. Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of life that construct all living organisms. Cells carry out vital functions essential for life, such as growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. While atoms are the basic units of matter, cells are specifically the fundamental units of life.
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What force primarily drives filtration in the kidneys?
- A. osmosis
- B. smooth muscle contraction
- C. peristalsis
- D. blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Filtration in the kidneys is primarily driven by blood pressure. The glomerulus filters blood under pressure, allowing small molecules and fluids to pass through into the renal tubules while retaining larger molecules like proteins. Osmosis, smooth muscle contraction, and peristalsis do play roles in kidney function, but blood pressure is the main force responsible for the initial filtration process.
Which advice would be appropriate to offer a person who has very active apocrine glands?
- A. Use deodorant regularly.
- B. Obtain treatment for the rash.
- C. Keep the ears clean.
- D. Clean the nails frequently.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Nervous
- D. Muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Connective tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs. It is composed of cells and extracellular matrix, giving it strength and flexibility. Examples of connective tissue include bone, cartilage, and tendons, which play crucial roles in maintaining the body's shape and integrity.
Which type of tissue is characterized by cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and the absence of blood vessels?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The tissue described in the question, where cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, are tall and thin, lack an extracellular matrix, and do not contain blood vessels, corresponds to epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue functions to protect, absorb, and secrete, making it well-suited for lining surfaces and forming barriers in the body.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
- A. To digest food
- B. To control body movement
- C. To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- D. To circulate blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to transport oxygen from the air into the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Oxygen is necessary for cells to produce energy through a process called cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be eliminated. Therefore, the correct answer is C, 'To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.' Digesting food (choice A) is the primary function of the digestive system, controlling body movement (choice B) is the role of the muscular system, and circulating blood (choice D) is the function of the circulatory system.