Nokea
Where is blood produced in infants after birth?
- A. Heart chamber
- B. Red bone marrow
- C. Liver
- D. Spleen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After birth, blood is primarily produced in the red bone marrow of infants. Red bone marrow is responsible for generating red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that are vital for normal physiological functions. Hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, primarily occurs in the red bone marrow of newborns and infants, making it a critical site for blood production in this age group.
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What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs?
- A. Atom
- B. Organelle
- C. Cell
- D. DNA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cell. Cells are the basic unit of life and are the building blocks of tissues and organs. They are responsible for carrying out essential functions in living organisms, such as growth, maintenance, and reproduction. While atoms are the smallest unit of matter, organelles are structures within cells, and DNA carries genetic information within cells, the cell itself is the fundamental unit of life.
On what are macromolecules is the genetic code carried?
- A. Nucleotides
- B. Chromosomes
- C. DNA
- D. RNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The genetic code is carried on nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Nucleotides contain the genetic information crucial for the functioning of organisms. While chromosomes, DNA, and RNA play roles in genetic processes, the genetic code specifically resides on nucleotides.
Which heart chamber has the thickest wall?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest wall of all the heart chambers because it needs to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body. Its muscular wall is thicker and more powerful compared to the other heart chambers. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. Due to the higher workload and pressure required to push blood to the entire body, the left ventricle is the most muscular and has the thickest wall.
Where are all the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein routed for processing?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Pancreas
- C. Spleen
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed to the liver for processing. The liver is responsible for detoxifying and metabolizing substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before they enter the systemic circulation. It filters and processes nutrients, drugs, and toxins, ensuring that only safe and usable substances are distributed throughout the body.
Where would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
- A. Thoracic cavity
- B. Mediastinum
- C. Abdominal cavity
- D. Pelvic cavity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity is the region of the body that houses these structures, providing protection and support for their functions. The thoracic cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs, the mediastinum is the area between the lungs that contains the heart, major blood vessels, and other structures, while the abdominal cavity houses organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines.