Nokea
What force primarily drives filtration in the kidneys?
- A. osmosis
- B. smooth muscle contraction
- C. peristalsis
- D. blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Filtration in the kidneys is primarily driven by blood pressure. The glomerulus filters blood under pressure, allowing small molecules and fluids to pass through into the renal tubules while retaining larger molecules like proteins. Osmosis, smooth muscle contraction, and peristalsis do play roles in kidney function, but blood pressure is the main force responsible for the initial filtration process.
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Which hormones regulate testicular activity?
- A. FSH
- B. LH
- C. GH
- D. Both FSH and LH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Testicular activity is regulated by both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH stimulates sperm cell production in the testes, while LH stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells in the testes. Therefore, both FSH and LH are essential in controlling testicular activity.
A professional boxer gets punched in the nose resulting in a deviated septum. Which bone is most likely to be involved?
- A. Sella turcica.
- B. Vomer
- C. Calcaneous.
- D. Malleus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
How does the skin aid in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body?
- A. Sebum
- B. Keratin
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. The skin plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphate levels by producing Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestines, thus regulating their levels in the body. Sebum is an oily substance produced by the skin to moisturize and protect it. Keratin is a protein that forms the structure of the skin and its appendages. Vitamin A is essential for skin health and vision but is not directly involved in regulating calcium and phosphate levels.
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
- A. Small intestine
- B. Oral cavity
- C. Esophagus
- D. Sternum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digestion begins in the oral cavity where food is broken down into smaller pieces by chewing and mixed with saliva containing enzymes that start the process of breaking down carbohydrates. This mixture of food and saliva then travels down the esophagus into the stomach for further digestion. The oral cavity is where the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food initiates, setting the stage for the rest of the digestive process.
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Support the body
- B. Hemopoiesis
- C. Conduct impulses
- D. Provide protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Conduct impulses.' The skeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, hemopoiesis (blood cell production), and providing protection to internal organs. Conducting impulses is a function of the nervous system, not the skeletal system. The skeletal system serves as the framework for the body, enabling movement, protecting vital organs, producing blood cells, storing minerals, and supporting the overall structure of the body.