Nokea
During digestion, what does the stomach muscle churn and mix food into, turning it into a soupy substance known as which of the following?
- A. Bolus
- B. Bile
- C. Chyme
- D. Feces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chyme. During digestion, the stomach muscle contracts and mixes food with digestive juices, breaking it down into a thick, soupy liquid called chyme. This chyme is then slowly released into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.
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How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
- A. 1400%
- B. 4500%
- C. 3000%
- D. 2800%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
What is being described when you are informed by the orthopedic surgeon that you have broken the middle region of the humerus?
- A. Epiphysis
- B. Articular cartilage
- C. Perichondrium
- D. Diaphysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When the orthopedic surgeon informs you of a break in the middle region of the humerus, they are referring to the shaft or long portion of the bone, which is known as the diaphysis. The epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, while articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints. Perichondrium is a layer of connective tissue surrounding cartilage.
What are the chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?
- A. Hormones
- B. Neurons
- C. Glands
- D. Second messengers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones are the correct answer. Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream to target cells, where they regulate various physiological processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit information, glands produce and release hormones, and second messengers are molecules involved in intracellular signal transduction.
What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?
- A. dermis
- B. epidermis
- C. subcutaneous tissue
- D. hypodermis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'epidermis.' The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a protective barrier against environmental factors and regulating water loss. The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and contains important structures like blood vessels and glands. Subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis, is located below the dermis and serves functions such as insulation and energy storage.
What are groups of similar cells called?
- A. Membrane
- B. System
- C. Organ
- D. Tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Groups of cells with similar structures and functions are called tissues. Tissues work together to perform specific functions in the body, such as muscle contraction, nerve signal transmission, and forming protective barriers. Examples of tissues include muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and epithelial tissue.