Nokea
Which type of cell division occurs in the gonads?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Binary fission
- D. Asexual division
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meiosis is the type of cell division that occurs in the gonads. During meiosis, cells undergo two rounds of division resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. This process is vital for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.
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Which structure is located on the sternum?
- A. Xiphoid bone
- B. Sesamoid bone
- C. Hyoid bone
- D. Ossified
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Xiphoid bone. The xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum. The Sesamoid bone is a small bone embedded within a tendon, typically found in joints. The Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone. 'Ossified' means turned into bone or hardened, but it does not specifically refer to a structure located on the sternum.
What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs?
- A. Atom
- B. Organelle
- C. Cell
- D. DNA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cell. Cells are the basic unit of life and are the building blocks of tissues and organs. They are responsible for carrying out essential functions in living organisms, such as growth, maintenance, and reproduction. While atoms are the smallest unit of matter, organelles are structures within cells, and DNA carries genetic information within cells, the cell itself is the fundamental unit of life.
During digestion, what does the stomach muscle churn and mix food into, turning it into a soupy substance known as which of the following?
- A. Bolus
- B. Bile
- C. Chyme
- D. Feces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chyme. During digestion, the stomach muscle contracts and mixes food with digestive juices, breaking it down into a thick, soupy liquid called chyme. This chyme is then slowly released into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Which anatomic structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?
- A. Nose
- B. Throat
- C. Eye
- D. Ear
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ear. The malleus, incus, and stapes, also known as the auditory ossicles, are the three smallest bones in the human body and are located in the middle ear. These bones play a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear, facilitating the hearing process.
How does the skin aid in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body?
- A. Sebum production
- B. Keratin synthesis
- C. Vitamin A synthesis
- D. Vitamin D production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The skin aids in maintaining calcium and phosphate levels in the body by producing Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the diet, vital for bone health, and various physiological functions. When UV radiation penetrates the skin, it triggers the conversion of a compound into Vitamin D, which then facilitates the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestines.