Nokea
Which structure is located on the sternum?
- A. Xiphoid bone
- B. Sesamoid bone
- C. Hyoid bone
- D. Ossified
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Xiphoid bone. The xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum. The Sesamoid bone is a small bone embedded within a tendon, typically found in joints. The Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone. 'Ossified' means turned into bone or hardened, but it does not specifically refer to a structure located on the sternum.
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Where is blood produced in infants after birth?
- A. Heart chamber
- B. Red bone marrow
- C. Liver
- D. Spleen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After birth, blood is primarily produced in the red bone marrow of infants. Red bone marrow is responsible for generating red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that are vital for normal physiological functions. Hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, primarily occurs in the red bone marrow of newborns and infants, making it a critical site for blood production in this age group.
What force primarily drives filtration in the kidneys?
- A. osmosis
- B. smooth muscle contraction
- C. peristalsis
- D. blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Filtration in the kidneys is primarily driven by blood pressure. The glomerulus filters blood under pressure, allowing small molecules and fluids to pass through into the renal tubules while retaining larger molecules like proteins. Osmosis, smooth muscle contraction, and peristalsis do play roles in kidney function, but blood pressure is the main force responsible for the initial filtration process.
Where would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
- A. Thoracic cavity
- B. Mediastinum
- C. Abdominal cavity
- D. Pelvic cavity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity is the region of the body that houses these structures, providing protection and support for their functions. The thoracic cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs, the mediastinum is the area between the lungs that contains the heart, major blood vessels, and other structures, while the abdominal cavity houses organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines.
Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles?
- A. They are under conscious control.
- B. They are attached to the skeleton.
- C. They use ATP to energize contraction.
- D. They are striated in appearance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Skeletal muscles are referred to as voluntary muscles because they are under conscious control. This means that individuals can decide when to contract these muscles, enabling voluntary movements such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Choice A is the correct answer as it reflects the defining characteristic of voluntary control over skeletal muscles. Choices B, C, and D are not the primary reasons for why skeletal muscles are termed voluntary muscles as they do not relate directly to the conscious control aspect.
A client has a large pituitary tumor. The nurse knows that this tumor exists in which part of the body?
- A. Neck
- B. Head.
- C. Abdomen.
- D. Trunk.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: