Nokea
When assessing a female patient who describes herself as a strict vegetarian, the nurse notes that she has a yellow tone to her skin. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amounts of which foods?
- A. Carrots and squash.
- B. Turnips and beets.
- C. Rice and eggs.
- D. Spinach and mustard greens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
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Which type of joint within the synovial category is the elbow classified as?
- A. Pivot
- B. Hinge
- C. Ball and socket
- D. Toddle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hinge. The elbow joint is classified as a hinge joint within the synovial category. Hinge joints primarily allow for flexion and extension movements, resembling a door hinge. In the case of the elbow joint, it enables the bending and straightening actions of the arm, crucial for various activities involving the upper limb.
You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. What is the tissue?
- A. Spongy bone
- B. Compact bone
- C. Cartilage
- D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spongy bone. Spongy bone tissue has open spaces partially filled by needle-like structures known as trabeculae. This arrangement gives spongy bone its characteristic appearance and provides structural support while reducing the tissue's density. Compact bone, on the other hand, is dense and solid, lacking the open spaces seen in spongy bone. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue without needle-like structures, and adipose tissue is predominantly composed of fat cells, not needle-like structures.
The distal end of the two bones that articulate with the carpals are broken. Which bones are these?
- A. Ulna and radius.
- B. Metacarpals and phalanx.
- C. Humerus and ulna.
- D. Humerus and radius.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of a synapse?
- A. cell body
- B. axon
- C. neuron
- D. myelin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body towards other neurons or target cells, such as muscles or glands, including towards a synapse. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles but does not carry action potentials. While a neuron is the overall structural and functional unit of the nervous system, the axon is specifically responsible for transmitting action potentials.
Which heart chamber has the thickest wall?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest wall of all the heart chambers because it needs to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body. Its muscular wall is thicker and more powerful compared to the other heart chambers. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. Due to the higher workload and pressure required to push blood to the entire body, the left ventricle is the most muscular and has the thickest wall.