Nokea
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
- A. neck
- B. back
- C. side
- D. brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parathyroid gland is located in the neck. It consists of four small glands situated behind the thyroid gland. These glands play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. The correct anatomical location of the parathyroid gland is in the neck, specifically behind the thyroid gland, making choice A the correct answer.
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Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
- A. Esophagus.
- B. Small intestine.
- C. Stomach.
- D. Oral cavity.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Where are all the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein routed for processing?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Pancreas
- C. Spleen
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed to the liver for processing. The liver is responsible for detoxifying and metabolizing substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before they enter the systemic circulation. It filters and processes nutrients, drugs, and toxins, ensuring that only safe and usable substances are distributed throughout the body.
What is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?
- A. Dermal papillae
- B. Merkel cells
- C. Arrector pili
- D. Sudoriferous glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dermal papillae are responsible for the formation of fingerprints. These structures, located in the upper layer of the dermis, contain capillaries and nerve endings that shape the unique patterns on the fingertips. When the dermal papillae interact with the epidermis, they create the characteristic ridges and furrows found in fingerprints. Merkel cells are related to touch sensation, arrector pili muscles control hair follicle movements, and sudoriferous glands produce sweat.
What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood?
- A. osmosis
- B. diffusion
- C. dissipation
- D. reverse osmosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, diffusion. Diffusion is the process by which oxygen moves from an area of high concentration (in the air) to an area of low concentration (in the blood) through the alveoli in the lungs. Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane, not oxygen molecules. Dissipation refers to the dispersal or scattering of something. Reverse osmosis is a process used in water purification, which is not relevant to the transport of oxygen in the lungs.
What are the functional units of the kidney?
- A. Ureters
- B. Glomeruli
- C. Nephrons
- D. Renal capsules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid balance, and forming urine. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body. Ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not the functional units. Glomeruli are part of the nephron structure, specifically involved in the initial filtration of blood. Renal capsules are outer coverings of the kidney and do not serve as the functional units responsible for kidney function.