Nokea
Which mineral is responsible for muscle contractions?
- A. Chloride
- B. Sodium
- C. Calcium
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is the mineral responsible for muscle contractions. When a muscle receives a signal from the nervous system, calcium is released within the muscle cells, allowing the muscle fibers to contract. This process is essential for various bodily functions, including movement, digestion, and heart function.
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Which muscle of the quadriceps group is located on the lateral surface of the lower extremity?
- A. Vastus lateralis
- B. Gastrocnemius
- C. Anterior tibialis
- D. Rectus femoris
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vastus lateralis. The vastus lateralis is a muscle of the quadriceps group that is situated on the lateral side of the lower extremity. It is responsible for extending the knee joint. Gastrocnemius (choice B) is a muscle located in the calf, Anterior tibialis (choice C) is a muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg, and Rectus femoris (choice D) is a muscle of the quadriceps group but is not located on the lateral surface of the lower extremity. Therefore, they do not match the description provided in the question and are incorrect choices.
Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. adrenal gland
- C. testes
- D. pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain located below the thalamus that plays a crucial role in controlling the pituitary gland. It releases hormones that either stimulate or inhibit hormone production in the pituitary gland, thus regulating various bodily functions. The adrenal gland, testes, and pancreas do not directly control the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
Which structure is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?
- A. Epididymis
- B. Ureter
- C. Testis
- D. Urethra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Urethra. The urethra is a structure shared by both the male reproductive and urinary systems. It serves as a passage for urine to exit the body and for semen during ejaculation. The Epididymis, Testis, and Ureter are not structures that are part of both systems. The Epididymis is involved in sperm maturation, the Testis is responsible for sperm production, and the Ureter transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?
- A. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- B. Lactic acid
- C. Creatine-phosphate.
- D. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Which structure is located on the sternum?
- A. Xiphoid bone
- B. Sesamoid bone
- C. Hyoid bone
- D. Ossified
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Xiphoid bone. The xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum. The Sesamoid bone is a small bone embedded within a tendon, typically found in joints. The Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone. 'Ossified' means turned into bone or hardened, but it does not specifically refer to a structure located on the sternum.