Nokea
Which organelle contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?
- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Vacuole
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for phagocytosis in white blood cells. During phagocytosis, white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens or debris. Lysosomes contain enzymes that aid in breaking down the engulfed material, playing a crucial role in the process. On the other hand, the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Vacuole, and Golgi apparatus have different functions within the cell and are not directly involved in phagocytosis.
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Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid balance in the body?
- A. Chloride
- B. Sodium
- C. Calcium
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium is the mineral responsible for regulating fluid balance in the body. It helps maintain proper hydration levels by controlling the movement of water in and out of cells. Sodium also plays a crucial role in nerve function and muscle contractions. Therefore, maintaining the right balance of sodium is essential for overall health.
In which cavity are the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs found?
- A. Pelvic
- B. Abdominal
- C. Thoracic
- D. Pleural
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pelvic. The urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity is situated below the abdominal cavity and houses various organs, including the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. The abdominal cavity contains organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines, while the thoracic cavity houses the lungs and heart. Pleural is an incorrect choice as it is related to the lining around the lungs.
What is being described when you are informed by the orthopedic surgeon that you have broken the middle region of the humerus?
- A. Epiphysis
- B. Articular cartilage
- C. Perichondrium
- D. Diaphysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When the orthopedic surgeon informs you of a break in the middle region of the humerus, they are referring to the shaft or long portion of the bone, which is known as the diaphysis. The epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, while articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints. Perichondrium is a layer of connective tissue surrounding cartilage.
Which anatomical structure houses the terminal bronchioles?
- A. Heart
- B. Lung.
- C. Diaphysis.
- D. Femur.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Which of the following hormones decreases the concentration of blood glucose?
- A. insulin
- B. glucagon
- C. growth hormone
- D. glucocorticoids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone responsible for decreasing the concentration of blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released to help cells absorb excess glucose, thereby lowering its concentration in the bloodstream. Glucagon, growth hormone, and glucocorticoids, in contrast, all play roles in increasing blood glucose levels through different mechanisms.