Nokea
What is the function of the immune system?
- A. To transport oxygen
- B. To fight infection
- C. To digest food
- D. To produce hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To fight infection.' The immune system's primary function is to protect the body from infections and foreign invaders by recognizing and responding to pathogens. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing diseases caused by harmful microorganisms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the immune system is not responsible for transporting oxygen, digesting food, or producing hormones. These functions are carried out by other systems in the body, such as the respiratory system, digestive system, and endocrine system, respectively.
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What is the diastole cycle in the heart?
- A. Relaxation of the heart
- B. Contraction of the heart
- C. Pulse rate of the heart
- D. Blood circulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The diastole cycle in the heart refers to the relaxation phase, where the heart chambers relax and fill with blood. This phase is crucial for the heart to refill and prepare for the next contraction (systole), which pumps blood out of the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A, 'Relaxation of the heart.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of cardiac physiology. Choice B, 'Contraction of the heart,' refers to systole, the phase of heart contraction. Choice C, 'Pulse rate of the heart,' is related to the number of heartbeats per minute, not the diastole cycle specifically. Choice D, 'Blood circulation,' is a broader term that encompasses the entire circulatory system rather than focusing on the heart's specific relaxation phase.
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle as it leaves through the aorta?
- A. Pulmonary semilunar valve
- B. Aortic semilunar valve
- C. Tricuspid valve
- D. Mitral valve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The aortic semilunar valve is the correct answer as it prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle once it has been pumped into the aorta. The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow into the right ventricle, the tricuspid valve controls blood flow between the right atrium and ventricle, and the mitral valve regulates blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle. Therefore, option B is the correct choice for this question.
What is the cycle of infection?
- A. Reservoir host, means of exit, means of transmission, means of entrance, susceptible host
- B. Entry point, transmission, replication, exit, susceptible host
- C. Susceptible host, replication, transmission, entry, exit
- D. Transmission, replication, entry, exit, susceptible host
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Reservoir host, means of exit, means of transmission, means of entrance, susceptible host.' This cycle of infection involves the pathogen starting in a reservoir host, exiting through a means, being transmitted to another host, entering the new host through a means, and ultimately infecting the susceptible host. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct sequence of events in the cycle of infection.
If a patient had a heart attack and tissue in the left ventricle lost blood flow, what would you most expect to happen?
- A. Blood would not flow from the lungs.
- B. Blood would back up in the legs.
- C. Blood would not be pumped to the body.
- D. Blood would not be oxygenated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Blood would not be pumped to the body.' When tissue in the left ventricle loses blood flow due to a heart attack, the ability of the left ventricle to pump oxygenated blood to the body is compromised. This can lead to serious consequences for the patient's overall health and organ function. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a heart attack affecting the left ventricle does not directly impact blood flow from the lungs, cause blood to back up in the legs, or prevent blood from being oxygenated. The primary concern is the compromised ability of the left ventricle to pump blood to the rest of the body, affecting overall circulation and organ perfusion.
What is the role of enzymes in the body?
- A. To transport oxygen
- B. To speed up chemical reactions
- C. To regulate body temperature
- D. To store energy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, thus facilitating processes like digestion, metabolism, and other essential functions. Choice A is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily carried out by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature involves mechanisms such as sweating and shivering. Choice D is incorrect as energy storage is mainly performed by molecules like glycogen and triglycerides.