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What is the law that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed?
- A. Law of Conservation of Matter
- B. Law of Conservation of Energy
- C. Law of Universal Gravitation
- D. Law of Inertia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Law of Conservation of Energy. This law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The Law of Conservation of Matter (Choice A) is related to mass and the preservation of mass in a closed system, not energy. The Law of Universal Gravitation (Choice C) describes the force of attraction between objects with mass. The Law of Inertia (Choice D) states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
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What is a reaction between an acid and a base known as?
- A. Precipitation
- B. Neutralization
- C. Oxidation-reduction
- D. Photolysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neutralization. When an acid and a base react, they neutralize each other's properties, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. Choice A, 'Precipitation,' refers to the formation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. Choice C, 'Oxidation-reduction,' involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. Choice D, 'Photolysis,' is a reaction where a compound is broken down into smaller components by light energy. Therefore, the most appropriate term for a reaction between an acid and a base is neutralization.
What type of genetic testing can reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases?
- A. Karyotyping
- B. Pharmacogenomics
- C. Paternity testing
- D. Microarray analysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Karyotyping is a genetic test that examines an individual's chromosomes to detect abnormalities such as extra or missing chromosomes. It is not typically used to reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases.
B) Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. It focuses on how genetic variations can influence drug response, rather than susceptibility to diseases.
C) Paternity testing is a genetic test used to determine the biological relationship between a child and an alleged father. It is not used to reveal an individual's susceptibility to diseases.
D) Microarray analysis is a type of genetic testing that can reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases by analyzing variations in their DNA. It can identify genetic markers associated with increased risk for specific conditions, allowing for personalized risk assessment and preventive measures.
Which of the following scenarios represents an example of static friction?
- A. Sliding a heavy box across the floor
- B. A car moving around a curve
- C. Pushing a stationary object
- D. Braking a car to stop
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Static friction occurs when two surfaces are in contact but not moving relative to each other. Pushing a stationary object involves static friction as you apply a force to overcome the friction keeping the object stationary. Choices A, B, and D involve kinetic friction, which occurs when two surfaces are moving relative to each other. Option A involves moving the box across the floor, which is an example of kinetic friction. Option B involves the movement of a car around a curve, which also relates to kinetic friction due to the relative movement between the tires and the road. Option D describes braking a car to stop, where the moving car's wheels interact with the road, creating kinetic friction to slow down and stop the car.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
- A. Regulation of body temperature
- B. Protection from pathogens
- C. Synthesis of vitamin D
- D. Production of digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The production of digestive enzymes is not a function of the integumentary system. The integumentary system is responsible for regulating body temperature, protecting the body from pathogens, and synthesizing vitamin D. Digestive enzymes are produced by organs in the digestive system, such as the pancreas and stomach, and not by the integumentary system.
Which of the following is the main organ responsible for producing bile?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Pancreas
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The liver is the main organ responsible for producing bile. Bile, a greenish-yellow fluid, is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Its primary function is to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. When needed, the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to facilitate fat digestion. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin, not bile, making choice C incorrect. The stomach's primary role is to digest food through gastric juice secretion, making choice D incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is the liver, as it is the main organ responsible for bile production.