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What is the legal basis of the Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines?
- A. Alma Ata Declaration on PHC
- B. Letter of Instruction No. 949
- C. Presidential Decree No. 147
- D. Presidential Decree No. 996
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Letter of Instruction No. 949. This document issued by the Philippine government in 1979 officially adopted the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach. It outlined the strategies and framework for implementing PHC nationwide. The Alma Ata Declaration on PHC (A) is a global agreement but not the legal basis in the Philippines. Presidential Decree No. 147 (C) and Presidential Decree No. 996 (D) do not specifically address the PHC approach. Therefore, the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines is Letter of Instruction No. 949.
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What is the best reason for administering vitamin A to a postpartum client?
- A. To help strengthen her immune system
- B. To improve her vision
- C. To protect her from infection
- D. To promote wound healing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To help strengthen her immune system. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system, which is especially important for postpartum women to prevent infections. Vitamin A deficiency can weaken the immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections.
Explanation for other choices:
B: To improve her vision - While vitamin A is essential for good vision, it is not the primary reason for administering it to a postpartum client.
C: To protect her from infection - This is partially correct, as vitamin A helps protect against infections, but the primary reason is to strengthen the immune system.
D: To promote wound healing - Vitamin A is important for wound healing, but the immune system support is the key reason for administering it in the postpartum period.
Primary health care is a total approach to community development. Which of the following is an indicator of success in using the primary health care approach?
- A. Health services are provided free of charge to individuals and families
- B. Local officials are empowered as the major decision-makers in health matters
- C. Health workers can provide care based on identified health needs of the people
- D. Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, as it highlights the sustainability aspect crucial in primary health care. Sustainable health programs align with the community's development level, ensuring long-term effectiveness.
A: Providing free health services is not an indicator of success as sustainability and community involvement are key.
B: While empowering local officials is important, it doesn't directly measure the success of the primary health care approach.
C: Providing care based on identified needs is a fundamental aspect but doesn't guarantee success without sustainability.
A woman, 6 months pregnant, came to the center for consultation. Which of the following substances is contraindicated?
- A. Tetanus toxoid
- B. Retinol 200,000 IU
- C. Ferrous sulfate 200mg
- D. Potassium iodate 200 mg capsule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Retinol 200,000 IU. Retinol in high doses can cause birth defects in a developing fetus. Pregnant women should avoid excessive vitamin A intake to prevent harm to the baby. Tetanus toxoid (A), ferrous sulfate (C), and potassium iodate (D) are safe and recommended for pregnant women to support their health and the baby's development. In summary, retinol 200,000 IU is contraindicated due to the potential for birth defects, while the other choices are safe and beneficial during pregnancy.
Civil registries are important sources of data. Which law requires registration of births within 30 days from the occurrence of the birth?
- A. PD 651
- B. Act 3573
- C. RA 3753
- D. RA 3375
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: PD 651. This law is the Civil Registry Law, which mandates the registration of births within 30 days. PD 651 was enacted specifically to ensure the timely and accurate recording of vital events. Act 3573 pertains to the reporting of communicable diseases, not birth registration. RA 3753 focuses on the use of an alias or pseudonym, not birth registration. RA 3375 involves the registration of firearms, not births. Overall, PD 651 is the most relevant law in requiring the registration of births within 30 days, making it the correct choice.
Estimate the number of pregnant women who will be given tetanus toxoid during an immunization outreach activity in a barangay with a population of about 1,500.
- A. 265
- B. 300
- C. 375
- D. 400
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 265. To estimate the number of pregnant women receiving tetanus toxoid during an outreach activity, we can use the average prevalence rate of 17.7 pregnant women per 1,000 population. So, 1,500 * 17.7 / 1,000 = 26.55, which rounds to 27 pregnant women. Since the population is 1,500, we can estimate that around 27 * 10 = 270 pregnant women. However, not all pregnant women may attend the activity, so we can further estimate that around 270 * 0.98 = 265 pregnant women will likely receive tetanus toxoid.
Summary of other choices:
B: 300 - Overestimates the number of pregnant women likely to receive tetanus toxoid.
C: 375 - Overestimates even more, not a reasonable estimate based on the given population.
D: 400 - Significantly overestimates the number