Nokea
You are in a client's home to attend to a delivery. Which of the following will you do first?
- A. Set up a sterile area
- B. Put on a clean gown and apron
- C. Cleanse the client's vulva with soap and water
- D. Note the interval, duration and intensity of labor and contractions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because as a healthcare provider attending to a delivery, noting the interval, duration, and intensity of labor and contractions is crucial for assessing the progress of labor and ensuring the safety of both the mother and the baby. This information helps in determining if the delivery is progressing normally or if there are any complications that require immediate attention. Setting up a sterile area (choice A) and putting on a clean gown and apron (choice B) are important steps but should come after assessing the labor progress. Cleansing the client's vulva with soap and water (choice C) is not recommended during labor as it can introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection.
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In the Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS) in the Philippines, the monthly field health service activity report is a form used in which component of the FHSIS?
- A. Tally report
- B. Output report
- C. Target/client list
- D. Individual health record
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tally report. In the FHSIS, the monthly field health service activity report is used to tally and summarize the health services provided within a specific period. It helps track the number of services rendered and monitor performance indicators. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Output report usually presents processed data in a structured format.
C: Target/client list is a list of clients or individuals targeted for specific health services.
D: Individual health record contains detailed health information of a specific individual, not a summary of services provided. In conclusion, the monthly field health service activity report in FHSIS is specifically designed for tallying and summarizing service activities, making option A the correct choice.
Which demographic tool may be used to describe the sex composition of the population?
- A. Sex ratio
- B. Sex proportion
- C. Population pyramid
- D. Any of these may be used
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of the choices can be used to describe the sex composition of the population. A, the sex ratio, compares the number of males to females. B, sex proportion, also refers to the distribution of males and females in a population. C, population pyramid, visually displays the age and sex distribution of a population. Therefore, any of these tools can be utilized to describe the sex composition accurately.
Which vaccine leaves a permanent scar at the site of injection?
- A. BCG
- B. DPT
- C. Hepatitis B vaccine
- D. Measles vaccine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG. BCG vaccine is administered through intradermal injection, leaving a small scar due to the immune response it triggers. The scar formation is a characteristic feature of the BCG vaccine and is used as an indicator of successful vaccination. Other vaccines like DPT, Hepatitis B, and Measles do not typically leave a permanent scar at the injection site. The scar formation with BCG vaccine is a result of the body's immune response to the live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain in the vaccine, leading to a localized inflammatory reaction and subsequent scarring.
Where is the correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant?
- A. Deltoid muscle
- B. Gluteal muscle
- C. Vastus lateralis muscle
- D. Forearm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant is the vastus lateralis muscle. This site is preferred for infants and young children because it has a larger muscle mass, reducing the risk of hitting a nerve or bone. The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the thigh, making it easily accessible and safe for injecting vaccines. It is recommended by healthcare professionals for infants due to better absorption and reduced discomfort. In contrast, the deltoid muscle is more suitable for adults, the gluteal muscle carries a risk of hitting the sciatic nerve, and the forearm lacks sufficient muscle mass for injection.
Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Efficacy
- C. Specificity
- D. Sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free.
Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity.
Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity.
Summary:
A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose.
B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions.
C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease.
D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.