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What is the main purpose of a clinical audit?
- A. To measure patient satisfaction
- B. To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical practices
- C. To identify areas for improvement
- D. To standardize patient care protocols
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main purpose of a clinical audit is to identify areas for improvement. This involves reviewing current practices, identifying gaps or inefficiencies, and implementing changes to enhance the quality of patient care. Patient satisfaction (A) is important but not the primary goal of a clinical audit. Evaluating the effectiveness of clinical practices (B) may be a part of the audit process, but not the main purpose. Standardizing patient care protocols (D) is beneficial but is not the primary aim of a clinical audit, which focuses on continuous quality improvement.
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What is the primary focus of case management in nursing?
- A. Direct patient care
- B. Resource management
- C. Financial planning
- D. Quality assurance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Direct patient care. Case management in nursing focuses primarily on coordinating care, advocating for patients, and ensuring their needs are met. This involves direct patient interaction, collaborating with healthcare providers, and addressing the patient's physical, emotional, and social well-being. Resource management (B) involves allocating resources efficiently, financial planning (C) focuses on budgeting and financial aspects, and quality assurance (D) pertains to monitoring and improving healthcare standards. These options are important in healthcare but are not the primary focus of case management in nursing.
What is the term for working on a schedule within the unit, involving only those who are working within that unit?
- A. Flexible staffing
- B. Self-staffing
- C. Internal pools
- D. Management scheduling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Self-staffing. Self-staffing refers to employees within a unit scheduling themselves to work according to the unit's needs. This approach empowers employees to manage their own schedules, ensuring coverage within the unit.
A: Flexible staffing typically involves adjusting staffing levels based on fluctuating demand, not limited to a specific unit.
C: Internal pools usually refer to a group of employees who can be assigned to various units based on need, not limited to a specific unit.
D: Management scheduling involves supervisors or managers creating schedules for employees, not necessarily limited to a specific unit.
In summary, the term for working on a schedule within the unit involving only those who are working within that unit is self-staffing because it allows employees to self-schedule within their own unit's context.
A client is discussing the use of herbal supplements for health promotion with a nurse. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of herbal supplement use?
- A. I can take echinacea to improve my immune system.
- B. I can take feverfew to reduce my level of anxiety.
- C. I can take ginger to improve my memory.
- D. I can take ginkgo biloba to relieve nausea.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because ginkgo biloba is commonly used to improve memory and cognitive function, not to relieve nausea. Echinacea is known for immune support (A), feverfew for migraine prevention (B), and ginger for nausea relief (C). Understanding the intended use of each herb is crucial for safe and effective supplementation.
In order to assist an older diabetic patient to engage in moderate daily exercise, which action is most important for the nurse to take?
- A. Determine what type of activities the patient enjoys.
- B. Remind the patient that exercise will improve self-esteem.
- C. Teach the patient about the effects of exercise on glucose levels.
- D. Give the patient a list of activities that are moderate in intensity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct answer: A. Determine what type of activities the patient enjoys.
Rationale:
1. By determining the patient's preferred activities, the nurse can tailor an exercise plan that is more likely to be enjoyable and sustainable for the patient.
2. Enjoyable activities increase motivation and adherence to exercise regimen, leading to better outcomes for the patient.
3. Personalized approach considers the patient's interests and abilities, promoting a positive experience with exercise.
Summary:
B: Reminding the patient about self-esteem doesn't address individual preferences for exercise.
C: Teaching about glucose levels is important but not as crucial as personalizing the exercise plan.
D: Providing a list of activities may not consider the patient's preferences and may not lead to sustained engagement.
A technique used to eliminate negative behavior by ignoring the behavior is known as __________.
- A. Punishment
- B. Extinction
- C. Shaping
- D. Equity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Extinction. Extinction is a behavior modification technique where negative behavior is eliminated by withholding reinforcement previously maintaining it. Ignoring the behavior prevents it from being reinforced, leading to its decrease over time. Punishment (A) involves applying aversive consequences to reduce behavior. Shaping (C) is a technique to gradually modify behavior by reinforcing successive approximations. Equity (D) refers to fairness and equal treatment, not a behavior modification technique.