Nokea
What is the major focus for care today for a patient who is 1 day post-operative after a left below-the-knee amputation?
- A. To attain pain control for phantom pain.
- B. To monitor for signs of sufficient tissue perfusion.
- C. To assist the patient to ambulate as soon as possible.
- D. To elevate the residual limb when the patient is supine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring adequate tissue perfusion is critical in the immediate post-operative period to prevent complications.
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What should be included in the management of a patient with delirium?
- A. The use of restraints to protect the patient from injury
- B. The use of short-acting benzodiazepines to sedate the patient
- C. Identification and treatment of underlying causes when possible
- D. Administration of high doses of an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol (Haldol)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Identifying and treating underlying causes is key in managing delirium.
A 49-year-old patient is diagnosed with Huntington's disease. He thought he saw symptoms of the disease in his 15-year-old son. What is the best response?
- A. Your son probably has the early symptoms of the disease.
- B. Huntington's disease is genetically transmitted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Huntington's disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning there is a 50% chance the child will inherit it if one parent has the condition.
A dendrite conducts nerve impulses ________ the cell body.
- A. away from
- B. toward
- C. both toward and away from
- D. around, bypassing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are specialized structures that receive nerve impulses from other neurons and conduct them toward the cell body. They are branched extensions that increase the surface area for receiving signals. The electrical signals generated by neurotransmitters binding to receptors on dendrites travel toward the cell body, where they are integrated to determine whether the neuron will fire an action potential. This directional flow is essential for neural communication.
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter. Which disease or disorder results when the neurons in the brain that produce dopamine die?
- A. Multiple sclerosis
- B. Lou Gehrig disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
- C. Parkinson disease
- D. Seizure disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors and rigidity. Multiple sclerosis and ALS involve different neurological mechanisms, while seizure disorders are related to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Dopamine's role in motor control is critical to understanding Parkinson disease.
When positioning the patient after a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach, it is important that the nurse maintain the affected extremity in what position?
- A. Adduction and flexion
- B. Abduction and extension
- C. Abduction and internal rotation
- D. Adduction and external rotation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abduction and extension prevent dislocation.