Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension Related

Review Reading Comprehension related questions and content

The federal government regulates dietary supplements through the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The regulations for dietary supplements are not the same as those for prescription or over-the-counter drugs. In general, the regulations for dietary supplements are less strict.
To begin with, a manufacturer does not have to prove the safety and effectiveness of a dietary supplement before it is marketed. A manufacturer is permitted to say that a dietary supplement addresses a nutrient deficiency, supports health, or is linked to a particular body function (such as immunity), if there is research to support the claim. Such a claim must be followed by the words Ć¢ā‚¬Å“This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.Ć¢ā‚¬Ā¯
Also, manufacturers are expected to follow certain good manufacturing practices (GMPs) to ensure that dietary supplements are processed consistently and meet quality standards.
Requirements for GMPs went into effect in 2008 for large manufacturers and are being phased in for small manufacturers through 2010.
Once a dietary supplement is on the market, the FDA monitors safety and product information, such as label claims and package inserts. If it finds a product to be unsafe, it can take action against the manufacturer and/or distributor and may issue a warning or require that the product be removed from the marketplace. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for regulating product advertising; it requires that all information be truthful and not misleading.
The federal government has taken legal action against a number of dietary supplement promoters or Web sites that promote or sell dietary supplements because they have made false or deceptive statements about their products or because marketed products have proven to be unsafe.

What is the meaning of the phrase phased in as it is used in the third paragraph?

  • A. stunned into silence
  • B. confused
  • C. implemented in stages
  • D. legalized
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The phrase 'phased in' refers to a process that is implemented gradually or in stages over time. In the context of the paragraph, it means that the requirements for GMPs were gradually introduced for small manufacturers through 2010. This approach allows for a smoother transition and implementation of regulations without overwhelming all manufacturers at once. Therefore, the correct answer is C: 'implemented in stages.' Choices A, B, and D do not accurately reflect the meaning of 'phased in' in this context.

You may also like to solve these questions

Which statement is true about greenhouses?

  • A. Greenhouses create tropical conditions at nurseries.
  • B. Greenhouses are only used for growing rare plants.
  • C. Greenhouses are a waste of resources and are never used in nurseries.
  • D. Greenhouses make all plants grow faster without any exceptions.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Greenhouses are designed to create a controlled environment that mimics tropical conditions, providing warmth and humidity suitable for plant growth. This makes them essential in nurseries for cultivating a wide range of plants, not just rare ones. Greenhouses are valuable resources that offer various benefits in agriculture and horticulture by extending growing seasons and protecting plants from harsh environmental conditions.

Foodborne illnesses are contracted by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Harmful chemicals can also cause foodborne illnesses if they have contaminated food during harvesting or processing. Foodborne illnesses can cause symptoms ranging from upset stomach to diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Most foodborne infections are undiagnosed and unreported, though the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that every year about 76 million people in the United States become ill from pathogens in food. About 5,000 of these people die. Harmful bacteria are the most common cause of foodborne illness. Some bacteria may be present at the point of purchase. Raw foods are the most common source of foodborne illnesses because they are not sterile; examples include raw meat and poultry contaminated during slaughter. Seafood may become contaminated during harvest or processing. One in 10,000 eggs may be contaminated with Salmonella inside the shell. Produce, such as spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sprouts, and melons, can become contaminated with Salmonella, Shigella, or Escherichia coli (E. coli). Contamination can occur during growing, harvesting, processing, storing, shipping, or final preparation. Sources of produce contamination vary, as these foods are grown in soil and can become contaminated during growth, processing, or distribution. Contamination may also occur during food preparation in a restaurant or a home kitchen. The most common form of contamination from handled foods is the calicivirus, also called the Norwalk-like virus. When food is cooked and left out for more than two hours at room temperature, bacteria can multiply quickly. Most bacteria don’t produce an odor or change in color or texture, so they can be impossible to detect. Freezing food slows or stops bacteria’s growth, but does not destroy the bacteria. The microbes can become reactivated when the food is thawed. Refrigeration also can slow the growth of some bacteria. Thorough cooking is required to destroy the bacteria.

What is the main topic of the passage?

  • A. foodborne illnesses
  • B. the dangers of uncooked food
  • C. bacteria
  • D. proper food preparation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The main topic of the passage is foodborne illnesses. It extensively discusses how they are contracted, the symptoms they can cause, common sources of contamination, and preventive measures. While the passage also touches upon related topics such as bacteria, the dangers of uncooked food, and proper food preparation, the primary focus remains on foodborne illnesses and their various aspects.

Have you ever found yourself staring at the ceiling at 2:00 a.m.? Have you kicked the blankets off to the floor from tossing and turning? Many longtime suffers of Insomnia know these situations all too well. As many as 17% of Americans find the restful break of sleep hard to achieve.

Lack of sleep affects intellectual abilities at work or school by causing a deficit in memory, attention, and concentration which in turn creates a feeling of irritation or depression. Chronic insomnia can result from a medical illness, a psychiatric condition, or from sleep apnea, a condition where an individual actually stops breathing during sleep. Sleep hygiene, developing good sleep habits, and non- pharmacological therapies such as herbs and spices are some solutions to Insomnia.

How does insomnia affect intellectual abilities?

  • A. By developing good sleep habits and using herbs and spices.
  • B. To explain the insomnia and propose some solutions for the condition.
  • C. Causes a deficit in memory, concentration, and attention.
  • D. By watching television before bed.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Insomnia affects intellectual abilities by causing a deficit in memory, attention, and concentration. Lack of sleep leads to cognitive impairments that can result in difficulties with memory recall, reduced attention span, and decreased ability to concentrate on tasks. These cognitive deficits can contribute to feelings of irritability and even depression. It is important to address insomnia through proper sleep hygiene practices and non-pharmacological therapies to improve overall cognitive function and well-being.

Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait.
Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the
bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of
building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the
builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became
the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge
balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay.
Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area.

In the passage the word embark means to:

  • A. Put or go on board a ship
  • B. Remove the covering from a tree
  • C. Speak harshly to others
  • D. Being an undertaking
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context provided in the passage, the word 'embark' is used to describe the action taken by Joseph Strauss to start on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. 'Embark' in this context means to undertake or start an important or challenging task. Therefore, the correct answer is D: 'Being an undertaking.' This choice aligns with the idea of starting a challenging project, as seen in the passage.

ALL THE JAZZ
Jazz has been described as "the art of expression set to music" and "America's great contribution to music." It has served as popular art, enjoying periods of widespread public interest during the "jazz age" of the 1920s, the "swing era" of the late 1930s, and the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard narrative is that jazz originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans before moving up the Mississippi River to cities like Memphis, St. Louis, and finally Chicago. Jazz emerged by blending elements of ragtime, marching band music, and the blues. However, its roots trace back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered the first real jazz musician, emerging around 1891. What sets jazz apart from earlier musical forms is its emphasis on improvisation. Unlike traditional music, where composers write entire pieces on paper for musicians to follow exactly, jazz offers a starting point—a skeletal guide for musicians to improvise around. Many early jazz musicians were poor sight readers, with some unable to read music at all. Consequently, they often struggled to make a living, working menial jobs to survive. The second wave of New Orleans jazz musicians included notable figures like Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These artists formed small bands, built upon earlier styles, and enhanced the music's complexity, achieving greater success. This energetic style became known as "hot jazz" due to its fast tempos and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player named Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. Armstrong went on to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, later emerging as a global star. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early jazz musicians transformed our perception of music.

What is the definition of CONFLUENCE?

  • A. Melding
  • B. Influence
  • C. Intersection
  • D. Coming together
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Confluence refers to the point at which two or more things come together or intersect. In the context of the passage provided, the influences and elements that led to the development of Jazz converged or intersected, creating a unique musical genre. 'Melding' (choice A) refers to blending or merging, 'Influence' (choice B) is the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, and 'Coming together' (choice D) is similar to confluence but lacks the specificity of a point of intersection.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.