Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension Related

Review Reading Comprehension related questions and content

Changing Time: I have a major problem with Daylight Saving Time (DST). I really wish they would abolish the practice of changing the time on us every year. 'Spring ahead, Fall back' should disappear from our language.
Although an early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, formerly a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns greatly differ, and research about how DST currently affects energy use is limited and often contradictory. The reason for the time shift has become irrelevant.
DST's occasional clock shifts present other challenges. They complicate timekeeping and can disrupt meetings, travel, billing, recordkeeping, medical devices, and heavy equipment. Many computer-based systems can adjust their clocks automatically, but this can be limited and error-prone, particularly when DST rules change.
I vote to abolish DST. Can I count on your vote?

What statement is true based on the information in the article?

  • A. People adjust to the time change easily.
  • B. Computers automatically change the time settings when DST is established.
  • C. Pets and other animals do not adjust easily to the change.
  • D. Incandescent lighting has become a major source of electrical usage in the 21st century.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Computers automatically change the time settings when DST is established. This statement is supported by the article's mention that many computer-based systems can adjust their clocks automatically. This is an accurate reflection of how technology has made it easier for computers to adapt to DST changes.

Rationale:
1. The article states that computer-based systems can adjust their clocks automatically, which aligns with choice B.
2. Choice A is incorrect because the article mentions challenges and disruptions caused by time shifts, indicating that people may not adjust easily.
3. Choice C is incorrect as the article does not discuss how pets or animals adjust to time changes.
4. Choice D is incorrect as the article highlights that incandescent lighting is no longer a major use of electricity due to modern heating and cooling patterns.

In summary, choice B is the correct statement as it directly aligns with the information provided in the article about computer systems automatically adjusting their time settings during DST changes, while the other choices are

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Nurseries
If you thought nurseries were just for babies, well, think again! Being special kinds of farms, nurseries are used to raise plants in mass quantities. Plants, trees, and shrubs are typically grown in nurseries and then sold to farmers and gardeners to plant in homes, businesses and farms. Most nurseries are found in the more rural parts the country because much land is required to have a viable nursery. If a nursery sells plants to others, it must obtain a special permit from the local city or county, which keeps the competition fair and does not saturate the market with a large number of nurseries selling similar products.
Also on the grounds of nurseries are greenhouses which are made of glass or plastic panes that protect the plants from weather elements that may harm them and cause them not to grow and develop. The glass panels in greenhouses allow for sunlight to enter and moisture to be trapped inside. This creates a tropical environment which allows orchids and poinsettias to grow. It ensures that vegetables and fruits will grow large, which makes them valuable to farmers.

Why is a special permit needed for nurseries?

  • A. To ensure nurseries comply with safety regulations.
  • B. To prevent an oversaturation of the market with nurseries and ensure there are enough buyers for the plants.
  • C. To regulate the quality of plants sold in nurseries.
  • D. To offer financial assistance to new nursery owners.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A special permit is required for nurseries to prevent an oversaturation of the market with nurseries, ensuring that there are enough buyers for the plants being sold. This regulation helps maintain a balance in the market and prevents an imbalance where there are more suppliers than demand, which could lead to financial losses for nursery owners. By controlling the number of nurseries through permits, the market can remain stable, benefiting both the nurseries and the buyers.

Violence: Lately, studies have been done to decide whether a relationship exists between violence on television and mounting violence in the streets of the United States. More and better research is needed to assess fully the effects of exposure to violence on human behavior. However, early results seem to indicate that some people are influenced negatively by what they see on TV, especially young children. Since children born today, on an average, are exposed to seven hours of TV a day, some changes seem needed.
Consultants have advised network officials to reconsider certain policies if they wish to avoid the pitfalls of increased government regulations.

Based on this reading, early research indicates that the relationship between violence on television and violence in the street

  • A. has been proven conclusively.
  • B. has been widely exaggerated.
  • C. is inconsistent.
  • D. appears probable.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: appears probable. This is because the passage states that "early results seem to indicate that some people are influenced negatively by what they see on TV," suggesting a potential relationship between violence on television and violence in the streets. However, the passage also emphasizes the need for more research to fully assess the effects.

Choice A is incorrect because the passage clearly states that more research is needed to fully assess the effects, indicating that the relationship has not been conclusively proven. Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that the relationship has been exaggerated. Choice C is also incorrect as the passage does not mention any inconsistency in the relationship between violence on television and violence in the streets.

A BIT ABOUT BICYCLES
Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.

After reading this article, the reader learned that:

  • A. Bicycles have undergone significant changes over the years.
  • B. Modern bicycles are used for recreation and transportation.
  • C. Bicycling is gaining popularity worldwide.
  • D. Bicycles have a long history and are not a recent invention.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Bicycling is gaining popularity all over the world.' The article discusses the historical evolution of bicycles, highlighting how they have undergone significant changes over the years, from their humble beginnings without pedals to the modern safety bicycles used for recreation and transportation. It emphasizes that bicycles are now one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation worldwide. Therefore, the reader learns that bicycling is gaining popularity globally, making option C the most accurate statement.

Let's Go to the Circus
Everyone loves a circus! The bright lights, fanciful costumes, and fierce wild animals delight and entertain folks of all ages. The circus calls to the child in each one of us. Ernest Hemingway wrote that it "is the only ageless delight that you can buy for money..."
"Circus" is a magic word inspiring all sorts of exciting, colorful images. It's a theater of mind-boggling feats, elephants thundering around the rings, horses dancing, clowns cavorting and the sequins glittering under the lights.
There are historical references to animal displays and athletic competitions from the earliest days of civilization. The Romans were famous for their extravaganzas in the Coliseum. The shows we see today cannot compare to those great spectacles, but all who go to a circus enjoy the experience. It allows us all to be a child again and watch in awe as the athletes perform on the high wire or control the savage beasts in the center ring.

What does 'cavorting' mean in the second paragraph?

  • A. Making balloon animals
  • B. Hitting each other
  • C. Squirting water at the audience
  • D. Running and jumping
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of the passage, 'cavorting' generally means to jump or leap around in a lively or playful way. It describes clowns moving about energetically in a fun and playful manner, aligning with the idea of running and jumping. The word 'cavorting' adds to the colorful and exciting imagery of the circus performance described in the text.

Blood Pressure Regulators
The body is composed of systems that have evolved and diversified in order to maintain the natural functions and processes they regulate. One such system that has these regulators is the bodyĆ¢ā‚¬ā„¢s cardiovascular system. The bodyĆ¢ā‚¬ā„¢s pump, which regulates the flow of vitally needed oxygen to all cells of the body, as well as the discard of carbon dioxide and other waste products, is the heart.
Because blood pressure varies at different points within the body, differing components are needed to keep the bodyĆ¢ā‚¬ā„¢s blood pressure regulated. Three of the basic components are baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
Baroreceptors are stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings and are contained along the walls of the arteries near the heart and in other areas of the body as well. Impulses are related to this stretching along the arterial walls, which causes these baroreceptors to send out even more impulses to the heart, arteries, and veins, causing the blood pressure to go either up or down.
Chemoreceptors are located along the walls of the arteries and monitor changes in oxygen level, carbon dioxide, and pH. Just think! A fall in oxygen causes receptors to send impulses to raise the blood pressure.
The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by absorbing salts and water and removing wastes. Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex cause the kidney to keep or let go of any salt and water. This has an influence on blood volume and consequently on blood pressure.

Which statement is not a detail from the passage?

  • A. Baroreceptors are stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings along the arterial walls and send out messages in response to stretching.
  • B. Chemoreceptors are located along the walls of the arteries and monitor changes in oxygen level, carbon dioxide, and pH.
  • C. The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by absorbing salts and water.
  • D. The heart is the body's pump, regulating the flow of oxygen to all cells and removing waste products.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the statement incorrectly describes baroreceptors as rigid and static nerve endings when, in fact, they are stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings. The passage clearly states that baroreceptors are stretch receptors along the arterial walls that send messages in response to stretching, not rigid and static. Choices B, C, and D are all accurate details from the passage regarding chemoreceptors, the kidneys' role in regulating blood pressure, and the heart's function in oxygen transport and waste removal, respectively.

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