Nokea
What is the measure of the number of existing cases of a disease in a specific population at a given time?
- A. Incidence
- B. Prevalence
- C. Mortality rate
- D. Morbidity rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prevalence is the correct answer as it refers to the number of existing cases of a disease in a specific population at a given time. Incidence, on the other hand, refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a specific period. Mortality rate is the measure of the number of deaths in a particular population due to a specific cause, while morbidity rate is the frequency of a disease in a specific population.
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A community health nurse is conducting a neighborhood discussion group about disaster planning. What information regarding transmission of anthrax should the nurse provide to the group?
- A. Infection is acquired when anthrax spores enter a host.
- B. Mature anthrax bacteria live dormant on inanimate objects.
- C. Spores cannot survive for extended periods outside a living host.
- D. Anthrax is transmitted by respiratory droplets from person to person.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct information the nurse should provide is that anthrax infection occurs when spores enter a host. Choice B is incorrect as mature anthrax bacteria do not live dormant on inanimate objects. Choice C is incorrect as anthrax spores can survive for extended periods outside a living host. Choice D is incorrect as anthrax is not transmitted by respiratory droplets from person to person.
The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Which client complaint calls for immediate nursing action?
- A. Diaphoresis and shakiness
- B. Reduced sensation in the lower leg
- C. Intense thirst and hunger
- D. Painful hematoma on thigh
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diaphoresis and shakiness are classic signs of hypoglycemia in a client with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications. The nurse should address this complaint promptly by providing a fast-acting source of glucose to raise the client's blood sugar levels. Reduced sensation in the lower leg may indicate peripheral neuropathy, which is a common complication of diabetes but does not require immediate action unless there are signs of injury. Intense thirst and hunger are symptoms of hyperglycemia, which also requires intervention but not as urgently as hypoglycemia. A painful hematoma on the thigh may require assessment and management, but it is not as urgent as addressing hypoglycemia.
What are the sources of information about the family?
- A. Interview results with members of the family
- B. Family folder
- C. Actual observation of the family situation
- D. All these sources of information
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the listed sources - interview results with family members, family folder, and actual observation of the family situation - provide comprehensive information about the family. Choice A alone (interview results) might not capture the complete picture of the family, as it may be biased or limited. Choice B (family folder) could contain valuable information but might not be up to date or comprehensive. Choice C (actual observation) is essential to understand the family dynamics, but it alone may not provide all the necessary information. Therefore, the combination of all these sources (D) is needed for a thorough understanding of the family.
As a community health nurse covering a cluster of Barangays, your population coverage includes the following:
- A. Families in their homes, School population, Workers in factories
- B. Families in their homes, School population, Patients in hospital
- C. All except workers in factories
- D. All except patients in hospital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Families in their homes, School population, Workers in factories.' As a community health nurse, you are responsible for providing healthcare services and promoting health within the community. This includes visiting families in their homes to assess their health needs, working with the school population to educate them on preventive health measures, and ensuring the health and safety of workers in factories. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not encompass the full scope of a community health nurse's responsibilities. Choice B does not include workers in factories, Choice C excludes an important population group, and Choice D excludes an essential setting where healthcare services are provided.
Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases in a community?
- A. Regular health check-ups
- B. Isolation of infected individuals
- C. Immunization programs
- D. Public health education
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunization programs are the most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. Vaccinations help build immunity against specific diseases, reducing the likelihood of an outbreak. Regular health check-ups (Choice A) are important for individual health but do not directly prevent the spread of diseases on a community level. Isolation of infected individuals (Choice B) is a containment measure rather than prevention for the entire community. Public health education (Choice D) is valuable in raising awareness but may not be as effective as immunization programs in directly preventing the spread of communicable diseases.